Solution to the Foreclosure Crisis Essay -- Foreclosures, USA,

How real is the mortgage foreclo certain(a) problem in America? How did it come about? What be some possible solutions? First of all, the problem is so big that almost everyone knows someone who lost their house because of a foreclosure, and this is new. It didnt used to be that way. perceive to the stories of foreclosure evictions provides an eyewitness viewpoint of how it happened. This is important because it provides a background against which to decide solutions. The overhang of foreclosed homes for sale is pummeling home prices and laying waste to entire neighborhoods. In the process, consumer spending has suffered right and deepened the recession as Americans have seen the value of their most important assets, their homes, are falling in value. on that point were a lot of different factors that went into the development of the problem. at that place was buying a house that cost more than the people could afford, and there was taking on a mortgage payment that had monthly pa yments that were really high. There was the problem, too, of people who had no savings after they bought their house, so if anyone got sick or lost a job they couldnt make their payments.Finally, experts are not sure of the solution to the foreclosure problem. They have thought about encouraging lenders to renegotiate. Renegotiation means sitting down and hammering out another agreement, maybe having the bank tackle a lower mortgage payment and forgiving some of the balance. Banks tend not to want to do this because they think that if they just take back the home and sell it to someone else, they will not lose any money, but is that really true? And what are the advantages and disadvantages of renegotiation?We will consider each question in turn. First of... ... not have empty, vacant houses. Property taxes will continue to flow into government and everyone will have a win-win situation.WORKS CITEDAdelino, Manuel, Kristopher Gerardi and Paul S. WIllen wherefore Dont Lenders Ren egotiate More Home Mortgages? Redefaults, Self-Cures and Securitization. Public Policy Discussion Papers. July6,2009 accessed Dec8,2009 http//www.bos.frb.org/economic/ppdp/2008/ppdp0904.htm.Carr, James H. Housing Policy Debate. Responding to the Foreclosure Crisis. Volume 18 tailor 4 2007. 837-860Mills, Bart. Residents Hang on To Homes. The Lima News Dec 12,2009.Spader, Johnathan S. and Roberto G. Quercia. Mobility and Exit from Homeownership Implications for Community Reinvestment Lending. HousingPolicy Debate volume 19 Issue 4. 2008. 675-709.Wikippedia. Foreclosure. Dec7,2009 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreclosure.

walruses :: essays research papers

WALRUSES seahorsees ar one of the largest seals or related to the seal species living in the Arctic Circle. I researched the description, behavior, survival, and interesting facts that whitethorn come in handy. Walruses may have a social animation but still be treacherous. The species of walruses can be gray, brown, or reddish dep containing on the weather. For example, when the sun is out and, stays out for a period of time they may be reddish. Walruses can weight 1,000-4,000 pounds. Walruses gain alot of their weight from what they eat and how such(prenominal) they eat. Walruses can be as long as 9-14feet long. My research animal has a small head and tiny black eyes you could hardly see.Walruss adaptations to survive in the cold are their tusks, blubber, and eating two times a day, which keeps them alive. The walruss most important survival tools are their tusks. Walruses live in the Arctic Region. Walruses can live on ice floes for a long period of time. When walruses migrate they start at the Chuckcki Sea and end at the Bering Sea. Unlike birds, female walruses do not lay eggs they give live birth. Walruss average life span is cardinal years, unless humans or natural enemies hunt them.Normally walruses eat 3,000-6,000 clams per eating. Their favorite foods are clams, snails, and mussels. Polar bears are walruss natural enemies. This is so because polar bears try to eat walruses. Walruses protect themselves from enemies such as polar bears with their tusks.Walruses are unique because they have a very social life. Although if theyre upset they are capable of damage a steady, sturdy boat or injure human. Walruses are some how related or one of the largest seals. Also walruses tusks are made out of ivory.So you can see, walruses have many social skills and tend to eat alot. Also, walruses can have a very long life span because how large they are. I really enjoyed researching on the walruses for many reasons.

Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. They went through life and death situations, prejudice, and one of the most important things of all they had to go for their family and people together and keep believing that they would make it to a better life. The things they go through while immigrating change their views on life forever. Some for the expert some for the bad.They said, these god dammed okies are dirty and ignorant. Theyre degenerate, sexual maniacs. Theyll steal anything. Theyve got no sense of property rights (Steinbeck 363).One of the hardest things that immigrants went through was prejudice. Cops and towns men where always afterward the okies because they where dirty and didnt have a stable home. The immigrants from Mexico experienced the same hardships. The farm owners hated them. They just wanted them to do their job and leave. The farm owners didnt care that they had a family to feed, they wanted to screw them over and pay them as less money as they could . Its weird how the same prejudice is lock in around. No matter how nice a person is if they dont dress the same or have the same interests they are disliked. As rough-cut thither had been violent incidents on the picket line. A union member had been run over (Del Castillo, Garcia 84). People everyday that went on strikes put their holds on the line. They knew there was a threat when they protested. It was a life and death situation. Fight for your rights, or keep working for the minimal amount and not be able to sustenance your family. Every immigrant has tough choices to make. In the early days they had to make life and death choices. In both stories they have strikes to give the immigrants what they deserve. In the grapes of wrath as well as Cesar Chavez, somebody dies from a strike.The heavy club crashed into the side of his head with a dull crunch of bone, and Casy fell sideways out of the lighthearted (Steinbeck 495). Casy died because he protested against how much money people should earn. The men came after him and the rest of the protesters. They killed them in fear of having to raise the prices. Casy was tired of working for 2 cents an hour. He could live off that. The only choice he had was to protest.

Free Macbeth Essays: The Importance of Guilt :: Free Essay Writer

The Importance of Guilt in Macbeth    Through the story guilt motivates Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to a great extent. Macbeth was a kind, fine nobleman of the queen Duncan. But unitary day his benevolence and his patronage to the king changed. He had met the three witches who had revealed the three prophecies. The first prophecy was that Macbeth would become the thane of Cawdor. The second prophecy is that he will become the king in the proximo. The third was that Banquos sons will also become kings in the future (Banquo is a good friend of Macbeth). Macbeth took his future into his own hands. Lady Macbeth was the own who encouraged and persuaded Macbeth into the horrible circumstances. Guilt plays a role to the couple differently at certain occasions. Guilt encircles Macbeth the night he killed King Duncan. He came back to his wife with a horrified expression on his face. This is a sorry sight(Act2 scene2 line 20), he told her. . A arrhythmic thought, to asseverate a sorry sight, Lady Macbeth was thunderstruck to his remark. She had no sense of guilt right then. He couldnt believe what he had done, what he got himself into. The sons of the king, Malcolm and Donalbain, were in the next room. Theres one did laugh in s sleep, and one cried, Murder That they did wake each other. I stood and comprehend them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them Again to sleep. But wherefore could not I pronounce Amen? I had most need of blessing, and Amen Stuck in my throat. Macbeth had heard them say their prayers He was in fear. He was stunned and in shock that he had killed someone like King Duncan. Guilt surrounds Macbeth for the second time when he sends expose the murderers to kill Banquo, his old friend. Macbeth had no other choice but to get rid of Banquo. Banquo had witnessed the three witches and the prophecies. One prophecy was that his son would become king one day To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings(Act3 scene1 line70). In ord er for Macbeth to be safe is to kill Banquo. Banquo may assume what had happened and tell the people of Scotland. For Banquos issue have I filed my mind for them the gracious Duncan have I murdered Put rancors in the vessel of my peace only for them, and mine eternal jewel.

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chr

Comparing Women in The sensationalistic Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chrysanthemums by John SteinbeckTalents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the husbands and times of the women in The Chrysanthemums and The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay, in the Chrysanthemums, reflects an internal struggle to find her place in a world of definite gender roles. The Yellow Wallpaper traces the treatment of a womanhood who descends from depression to madness in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room. The mirror-like situations that hinder the protagonists in both stories call the women to conduct themselves in demeanors drastically different from one another. Elisa Allen of the Chrysanthemums and the vote counter of the Yellow Wallpaper both have husbands who fancy the idea of knowing what their wives want and need. On the way to dinner, Elisa asks her husband about the fights and his fast reply is, ?We can go if you want, b ut I dont think you would like them much.? He cannot fathom the idea that she may actually enjoy this non-feminie event. The narrators husband similarly assumes that he kno... ...Their husbands, the fence, and the wallpaper, are all constraints that must be depleted. Their strive for happiness and zest for a life far more exciting than the present is what gives the narrator and Ellisa Allen an AWAKENING to which they must react. Works CitedGilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York Feminist Press, 1973.Steinbeck, John. ?The Chrysanthemums.? Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 2nd Compact ed. New Jersey apprentice Hall, 2003. 359-366.

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chr

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chrysanthemums by John SteinbeckTalents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the husbands and propagation of the women in The Chrysanthemums and The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, Elisa, in the Chrysanthemums, reflects an internal struggle to find her place in a world of definite gender roles. The Yellow Wallpaper traces the preaching of a woman who descends from depression to madness in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room. The mirror-like situations that hinder the protagonists in both stories call the women to conduct themselves in demeanors drastically diametrical from one another. Elisa Allen of the Chrysanthemums and the narrator of the Yellow Wallpaper both have husbands who fancy the idea of knowing what their wives want and need. On the way to dinner, Elisa asks her husband about the fights and his immediate reply is, ?We can go if you want, but I dont think you would like them much.? He cannot fathom the idea that she may actually honor this non-feminie event. The narrators husband also assumes that he kno... ...Their husbands, the fence, and the wallpaper, are all constraints that must be depleted. Their strive for happiness and zest for a life far more arouse than the present is what gives the narrator and Ellisa Allen an AWAKENING to which they must react. Works CitedGilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. in the raw York Feminist Press, 1973.Steinbeck, John. ?The Chrysanthemums.? Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 2nd Compact ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2003. 359-366.

Meru Cabs: A spectacular growth story Essay

About Meru CabsMeru Cabs, operating in four metros of the country has popularised and boosted the concept of radio cabs.Today almost 70 per cent of our passengers understand that they travel by Meru instead of calling it a taxi and this is what has been our focus. Gavin Dabreo, VP-Sales & grocerying, Meru CabsMeru instantly runs a fleet of 5,000 taxis in Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Delhi and has 700 employees. The company has a top line of Rs 350crores (76mn USD) - assets on roads.The company plans to invest $100 million and aims to generate $500 million revenue in five years.Merus Operational Sub ProcessesCustomer encyclopaedismBooking ManagementCab DeliveryService DeliveryMeru Cabs Competition AnalysisStrategy Map for Meru CabsTechnology & Development ChallengesORACLE ERP Back-end system & Siebel CRM rivalrous RivalryInternal organizational ChallengesChallenges from Suppliers & BuyersGrowth and Potential ChallengesConslusionMeru cabs is doing a lot to survice in the mark et to maintain its positions in the markets.PaperGrowth and Potential Challenges plug-in of ContentsAC 1.2 process refer in strategic trade4Segment the market4 compose the market incisions4Develop a market segment marketing strategy4Situational Analysis4Marketing Objectives5Marketing Strategies5How to Use a Strategic Marketing5AC 1.3 links between strategic marketing and corporate strategy5 Corporate strategy5Strategic marketing.5Links6AC 2.1 marketing tool for jaguar car7Marketing mix 4p7PRODUCT7PROMOTION7PRICE8PLACE8PEST analysis8SWOT analysis9Strengths9Weaknesses9Opportunities9Threats10AC 2.3 Current customer relationship marketing by the jaguar car company10 Email10Call10Book a test drive11Contact with a dealer11Keep informed11AC 1.2 process involved in strategic marketing for JaguarThe strategic marketing process typically has three stagesSegment the market* Geographic* Demographic* Psychographic* BehaviorProfile the market segments* Revenue potential* Market share potential * Profitability potentialDevelop a market segment marketing strategy* Market leader or product line extension* Mass marketing or targeted marketing* Direct or indirect salesAfter analyzing market segments, customer interests, and the purchase process, its time to create the strategic marketing plan.The strategic marketing plan document usually includes Situational AnalysisWhere is the company now?* Market Characteristics* Key Success Factors* Competition and Product Comparisons* Technology Considerations* Legal Environment* Social Environment* Problems and OpportunitiesMarketing

Indian village Essay

In a sm totally Indian village, a young child, Natu, wanders away into the jungle and was assumed to become been killed by the evil man-eating tiger Sheer Khan. In the other hand, a pack of wolves took care of the boy as one of their pups and named him Mowgli. Raksha, his wolf mother, kept a acquireful eye out for him for she knew that Sheer Khan has a relentless thirst for the man-cub. During his years in the jungle, he befriended several animals which aided him as he grows old. Raksha is a she wolf who nursed the little Mowgl as an infant.Baloo, a kind-hearted laidback grey-hided bear, teaches Mowgli and his feral brothers the law of the jungle. The black panther Bagheera sets an eye out for Mowgli for he is constantly track down by a evil man-eating tiger, Sheer Khan. Kaa is a huge powerful hundred year old serpent who helps Baloo and Bagheera rescue Mowgli when he was captured by conclave of monkeys in the hidden ruins. The boy grew into a young man and one day stumbles upon the village once again. His real mother recognized the boy as the child she lost long ago and welcomed him back home.She teaches Mowgli how to speak their actors line and how people behave in their village. Mowglis extraordinary ability to talk to the animals as fascinated the whole village including the young lady Mahala, Buldeos daughter. Buldeo is a boastful and arrogant hunter who despises Mowgli for contradicting him about real life and animals in the jungle. Mowgli wants to barter for a tooth (knife) in order to kill the evil tiger Sheer Khan and buys one from Buldeo. Buldeo wanted to kill the tiger Sheer Khan for the vantage of his hide.But Mowlgi killed the tiger first before Buldeo did. Buldeo forced Mowgli to surrender him the tiger skin but he refused for he vowed to lay it upon the wolfpacks council rock. Even though Buldeo forbids Mahala to talk to Mowgli, she goes with him into the jungle. Mowgli shows her the ruins of an ancient city with a vast view horde. Inside the ruins, a python named Kaa warns them that the jewels are deadly. Mahala takes one coin with Mowglis permission. Buldeo finds out about the revalue and persuades Mowgli to show him the rest of the treasure.He accidentally drops the coin his daughter took from the trove which caught the eye of the barber and his customer, and now they want to find the treasure too. After purpose out about his daughters discovery of the gold coin, Buldeo coerced Mowgli to lead him to the treasure trove. He accidentally let the barber and his customer to find out about the treasure too. Mowgli leads the men and set out to the jungle to look for the ruins. They find the ruins but greed took place and they all fought for the treasure. When the barber and the customer died, Buldeo set the jungle on fire. Mowgli saves his mother and goes back to live in the village.A quintessential characters in the story is Mowgli, the main character in the story, a child raised by wolves who eventually goes back to his village when he becomes a young man. Another is Baloo, sleepy old grey bear, teaches the wolf pups and Mowgli the laws of the jungle and how to live in the jungle. identical is Bagheera, the black panther is cowcatcherly born in captivity in the palace of the Rajah of Oodeypore, India escapes his cage when he was mature and strong enough, saves the life of Mowgli by offering a freshly-killed bull to the pack of wolves and demands them to raise Mowgli.Stock characters in the story include Mahala, a gentle young lady who fell in love with Mowgli. Mogli showed Mahala the ruins where the treasure was hidden. Messua is the wife of the richest man in the village and she believes that Mowgli is her long lost son, Natoo, who was lost in the jungle some years before. When she and Mowgli are reunited, teaches him the virtues and language of their village. Raksha is the she-wolf who takes care of Mowgli and raised him as one of her own pups.Defying the tiger Sheer Khan who is determined to hunt and eat the man-cub Mowgli she says that her name is Raksha, which means Demon, because of her ferocity and bit skills, and vows to fight to her death for any of her cubs, natural or adopted. The play wanted to portray the 1894 original story of author Rudyard Kiplings The Jungle Book. The cast sought-after(a) to represent the essence of each character in the story for the audience to feel the flow and tension of the play. The producers did an excellent job on capturing the spirit of the original story.Every key character was played well and with outstanding acting skills. The setting, background, and lighting makes the audience feel that they are one with the environment. The play and production was all meaningful for it captured and delivered what the audience would like to see, feel and hear. The cast skillfully played their roles and vividly showed emotion of the scene. As a child, I really delighted Disneys life sentence of The Jungle Book. I enjoyed the play a lot. It made me feel like I was in the story with the characters. I liked how the play was delivered and how the cast portrayed the characters.The lights and background gave a good addition to the environment. The sounds made the play alive. Sound effects give a really big impact to me in plays. I like how the production and script matched the original story, but with a little twist, which made it play even more fascinating. I look forward to watch more plays similar to this one for it brings back memories of my childhood. I know that the audience loved it too. Plays like this will be excellent to fuel the minds of kids and help enjoy life.Reference(2006). The jungle deem. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Answers.com worlds greatest encyclodictionalmanacapedia. Web site http//www. answers. com/topic/the-jungle-book Internet Movie Database Inc. (2006). Full cast and crew for the jungle book (1942). Retrieved October 17, 2006, from IMBD Earths Biggest Movie Database Web site http//www. i mdb. com/title/tt0034928/fullcredits Scheib, R. (2003). Jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006. Web site http//www. moria. co. nz/fantasy/junglebook42. htm _____. (2006). The jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Web site http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jungle_Book

Book Review of “Cheaper” by the Dozen

The autobiographical volume Cheaper by the xii was writ x in 1949. Since then, it has been reprinted numerous times, most latterly in 2003. The book, written by Frank B. Gilbreth Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, two of the twelve children of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, is about Frank Jr. and Ernestines recollections of growing up, in the company of ten other siblings and two high-powered engineers as parents, in a huge house in Montclair, New Jersey, around the turn of the 20th century.Much of the caprice within this book is because the father of this huge family, Frank, is a good-hearted man who loves his twelve children and their antics, but is in addition an engineer (as is his wife Lillian) by profession, and an efficiency serious. Frank Sr. likes to believe problems and conflicts can be solved in a sort of mechanical way, and sometimes with just unrivaled quick effect for every problem (at least that is his theory). Many funny and ironic situations arise from this quest ionable premise. Still, as the authors of Cheaper by the twelve recall, Dad was happiest in a crowd, specially a crowd of kids (p. ).But since, as an engineer, Frank Sr. owns a scientific worry company, he continually tries to apply his various principles of scientific management at home, with mixed results. In one incident, he does so by taking motion pictures of his children washing dishes and doing other household chores, which he calls motion teaching (p. 3) in order to study their efficiency at these tasks (or the lack thereof), and then hopefully apply what he has learned from these homemade motion studies to other oeuvre situations.Frank Sr. lso has each of his twelve children chart their weights and other progress each day, on a progress and weight chart (p. 3) he has prescribe up on the bathroom wall, as soon as they can physically write (which is early, since the father has high expectations of his children in every respect). There is sometimes disagreement between Fr ank Sr. and the childrens mother, Lillian, which points out some of the differences between them.For example, Lillian wants to save a spot on the progress and weight charts for recording the childrens free-and-easy prayers, but Frank Sr. ever the practical man of action rather than contemplation, insists there is no room for that. Many of the funniest episodes in the book recoup from these types of conflicts (always rather gentle ones) between the parents, oddly since their mother, Lillian, is more relaxed in terms of her personality, and sees everything more individually and perchance, at times, more clearly as well (although Lillian neer directly insists on this to Frank Sr. , but just lets things happen until the truth becomes apparent on its own).Although both Lillian and Frank Sr. re superb engineers, Lillian seems to have more personal insight into her children as individuals. And, despite Frank Sr. s considerable efficiency, Lillian often has more common sense. This is perhaps reflected in the way Frank Sr. and his philosophies of efficiency are joked about, much more in the book, than Lillian or her actions or beliefs are joked about. Lillian was an early career woman, and one of the other themes of this book is how she handled, so well, especially for those times, a high-powered career and raising twelve children.Lillian Gilbreth herself, although not the main focus of this book, is very inspiring in that way. The main reason, overall, that I liked this book is because the humor within it is good natured, and the high-powered Gilbreth family, even though it is so large and chaotic, and has its own share of challenges and setbacks, is not dysfunctional in any way, like so many, even smaller, families today. That, in and of itself, is amazing. Whatever is happening, inside or outside the family, there is always love, solidarity, and team effect within the family itself.The authors also mention how Frank Sr. would never criticize his family to anyo ne outside the family. Obviously, this book was set in far simpler times than today. For example, as the now grown up Gilbreth siblings first describe their father Dad was a tall man, with a large head, jowls, and a Herbert Hoover collar (p. 1). This tells us right away that the book takes place many decades ago, since Herbert Hoover was President in the 1920s.Even the conflicts and disagreements detailed within the book, which are always described truthfully and in detail, seem humorous, good-natured, and reasonable, especially compared to many kinds of family conflicts today. Also, these conflicts are always agreeably resolved, without any lasting damage to any of the children or their egos. This, also, is truly amazing, since both parents are so busy, not only(prenominal) inside but outside the home. Also, the mother and the father are very different from one another by nature, but as the authors point out, they work well together and do everything well as a team.They are alway s supportive of each other and their children. Dr. Lillian Gilbreth seems the true hero of the Cheaper by the 12 family. Frank Gilbreth Sr. died before any of his children had reached 20 years old. Lillian continued raising the children on her own, while working and lecturing full-time. Moreover, she managed to put them all by college. Lillian Gilbreth, amazingly, given both the time and the large number of children she had, also had a very distinguished career in her own right when few women had much(prenominal) careers, and even fewer were also mothers of such large families.Still, Lillian Gilbreth managed to be a loving and attentive mother to all of her children. I found Cheaper by the Dozen to be a very inspiring book, and always very honest and humorous. Cheaper by the Dozen conveys the message that family members who love one another, stick together, and have a sense of humor about things that happen in families, and in life, can make it through anything. Therefore, I high ly recommend the book Cheaper by the Dozen as an excellent reading experience for everyone.

Fi516 Advanced Finance

Study Guide for Final Exam 1. (TCO B) Which of the sp atomic number 18-time activity statements concerning the MM extension with growth is NOT CORRECT? (a) The value revenue shields should be discounted at the unlevered live of legality. (b) The honour of a growing tax shield is greater than the value of a constant tax shield. (c) For a devoted D/S, the levered cost of equity is greater than the levered cost of equity under MMs original (with tax) assumptions. (d) For a given D/S, the WACC is greater than the WACC under MMs original (with tax) assumptions. e) The total value of the soaked is free-living of the amount of debt it uses. (Points 20) 2. (TCO D) Which of the undermentioned statements is most CORRECT? (a) In a private placement, securities are sold to private (individual) investors rather than to institutions. (b) Private placements occur most oftentimes with production lines, but bonds can also be sold in a private placement. (c) Private placements are convenie nt for issuers, but the convenience is offset by higher flotation costs. (d) The SEC requires that all private placements be handled by a registered investment banker. e) Private placements can generally bring in notes faster than is the case with public offerings. (Points 20) 3. (TCO E) Dakota Trucking Company (DTC) is evaluating a potential lease for a truck with a 4-year life that costs $40,000 and falls into the MACRS 3-year class. If the firm borrows and buys the truck, the loan rate would be 10%, and the loan would be amortized over the trucks 4-year life. The loan even offments would be made at the end of each year. The truck willing be used for 4 years, at the end of which time it will be sold at an estimated residual value of $10,000.If DTC buys the truck, its after tax hard cash flows would be the following (Year 1) 6,339 (Year 2) -4,764 (Year 3)-9,943 (Year 4) -5,640 all occurring at the end of respective years. The lease terms, call for a $10,000 lease payment (4 pa yments total) at the beginning of each year. DTCs tax rate is 40%. Should the firm lease or buy? (a) $849 (b) $896 (c) $945 (d) $997 (e) $1,047 (Points 20) 4. (TCO I) Suppose 90-day investments in Britain have a 6% annualized return and a 1. 5% quarterly (90-day) return. In the U. S. 90-day investments of similar risk have a 4% annualized return and a 1% quarterly (90-day) return. In the 90-day forward market, 1 British bewilder equals $1. 65. If interest rate parity holds, what is the spot exchange rate? (a) 1 pound = $1. 8000 (b) 1 pound = $1. 6582 (c) 1 pound = $1. 0000 (d) 1 pound = $0. 8500 (e) 1 pound = $0. 6031 (Points 20) 1. (TCO C) D. Paul Inc. forecasts a capital budget of $725,000. The CFO wants to maintain a target capital structure of 45% debt and 55% equity, and it also wants to pay dividends of $500,000.If the company follows the residual dividend policy, how much income must it earn, and what will its dividend payout ratio be? Net Income Payout (a) $898,750 55. 63% (b) $943,688 58. 41% (c) $990,872 61. 43% (d) $1,040,415 64. 40% (e) $1,092,436 67. 62% (Points 20) 2. (TCO F) Warren Corporations stock sells for $42 per package. The company wants to sell some 20-year, annual interest, $1,000 par value bonds. Each bond would have 75 warrants attached to it, each exercisable into one share of stock at an exercise price of $47.The firms straight bonds yield 10%. Each warrant is expected to have a market value of $2. 00 given that the stock sells for $42. What coupon interest rate must the company set on the bonds in order to sell the bonds-with-warrants at par? (a) 7. 83% (b) 8. 24% (c) 8. 65% (d) 9. 08% (e) 9. 54% (Points 20) 3. (TCO B) Which of the following statements is CORRECT, holding other things constant? (a) Firms whose assets are relatively liquid tend to have relatively low loser costs, thence they tend to use relatively little debt. b) An increase in the personal tax rate is likely to increase the debt ratio of the average corporatio n. (c) If changes in the bankruptcy code make bankruptcy less costly to corporations, then this would likely reduce the debt ratio of the average corporation. (d) An increase in the companys degree of operating leverage is likely to move on a company to use more debt in its capital structure. (e) An increase in the corporate tax rate is likely to encourage a company to use more debt in its capital structure. (Points 20) 4. TCO G) Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Act is designed to do which of the following? (a) Protect shareholders against creditors. (b) Establish the rules of shakeup for firms with projected cash flows that eventually will be sufficient to meet debt payments. (c) Ensure that the firm is viable after emerging from bankruptcy. (d) Allow the firm to pull off with each creditor individually. (e) Provide safeguards against the withdrawal of assets by the owners of the bankrupt firm and allow insolvent debtors to discharge all of their obligations and to start over unhamper ed by a burden of prior debt. . (TCO I) Suppose one British pound can purchase 1. 82 U. S. dollars today in the foreign exchange market, and currency forecasters bespeak that the U. S. dollar will depreciate by 12. 0% against the pound over the next 30 days. How many dollars will a pound buy in 30 days? (a) 1. 12 (b) 1. 63 (c) 1. 82 (d) 2. 04 (e) 3. 64 (Points 20) 2. (TCO H) Which of the following statements about valuing a firm using the APV approach is most CORRECT? (a) The value of operations is calculated by discounting the horizon value, the tax shields, and the free cash flows at the cost of equity. b) The value of equity is calculated by discounting the horizon value, the tax shields, and the free cash flows at the cost of equity. (c) The value of operations is calculated by discounting the horizon value, the tax shields, and the free cash flows before the horizon sequence at the unlevered cost of equity. (d) The value of equity is calculated by discounting the horizon valu e and the free cash flows at the cost of equity. (e) The APV approach stands for the accounting pre-valuation approach. (Points 20) 3. (TCO A) Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a) Put options give investors the right to buy a stock at a certain strike price before a specify date. (b) Call options give investors the right to sell a stock at a certain strike price before a specified date. (c) Options typically sell for less than their exercise value. (d) LEAPS are very short-term options that were created relatively recently and now trade in the market. (e) An option holder is not authorise to receive dividends unless he or she exercises their option before the stock goes ex dividend. (Points 20) 4. (TCO F) A swap is a method used to reduce financial risk.Which of the following statements about swaps, if any, is NOT CORRECT? (a) A swap involves the exchange of cash payment obligations. (b) The earliest swaps were currency swaps, in which companies traded debt denominated in different currencies, say dollars and pounds. (c) Swaps are very often arranged by a financial intermediary, who may or may not take the position of one of the counterparties. (d) A business with swaps is that no standardized contracts exist, which has prevented the development of a secondary market. (e) A company can swap fixed interest payments for floating interest payments. (Points 20)

Developing strategic thinking Essay

IntroductionMy research interest in strategicalal idea started in 1993 when I interviewed 35 fourth-year executives for a longitudinal study on the changes in strategic planning and strategic management in large nerves between 1982 and 1993. These senior executives were obligated for strategic planning, strategic management or corporate development in 35 of the 100 largest manufacturing companies in Australia. The interviews lasted between three and four hours and full-lengthness of the questions I asked concerned the problems that they had experienced with their strategic planning or strategic management approach in the preceding five years. The main problem identified by the studyity of senior executives was strategic mentation. Interestingly, strategic cerebration was a problem regardless of whether the companies had a formalised strategic planning system or apply a non-formalised approach. For fashion model, one senior executive from a company with a formalised stra tegic planning system stated Our senior executives tend to land carried away by dilate and lose their strategic perspective.AbstractLack of strategic thought demonstrate by senior managers has been identified as a major shortcoming in organisations. Draws on concepts in management and psychology to present a framework that can be used to remedy this situation. Argues that strategic thinking needs to be addressed at devil different, but interrelated aims the separate level and the organisational level. Organisations that successfully integrate strategic thinking at these two levels will create a critical core power that forms the basis of anenduring competitive advantage.Europe, East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the United States (p. 242). The ability to think strategically, however, is life-or-death to remaining competitive in an increasingly turbulent and global environment. Considering that the average life expectancy of US Fortune 500 companies is only between 40 and 50 years (de Geus, 1997) and that only 49 percent of the 100 largest manufacturers in Australia in 1982 were still among the top 100 manufacturers in 1993 (Bonn and Christodoulou, 1996), the need for strategic thinking has never been greater. This paper presents a framework that can be used to increase strategic thinking in organisations. It argues that strategic thinking needs to be considered at two different, but inter-related levels. Organisations that successfully integrate strategic thinking at these two levels will create a critical core competency that forms the basis of an enduring source of competitive advantage.The debate on strategic thinkingThere is no agreement in the literature on what strategic thinking is. A number of authors h hoary up used the term interchangeably with other concepts such as strategic planning or strategic management. Wilson (1994) for example notes thatSimilarly, a senior executive from a company without a formalised planning system reported I t is a major challenge to get our conclusion makers to think in strategic rather than operational terms.This lack of strategic thinking is not restricted to organisations in Australia. As research from the Institute of Directors in London has shown, 90 per cent of directors and vice-presidents had no induction, inclusion or training to become a competent direction giver of their business (Garratt, 1995a, p. 242). According to Garratt (1995a), this region seems to hold good in The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http//www.emerald-library.com/ftThis continuing search for improvement has profoundly changed the character of strategic planning so that it is now more appropriate to refer to it as strategic management or strategic thinking (p. 14, italics in original).Other authors have focussed on strategic management processes and either stated explicitly that good strategic planning contributes to strategic thinking (Porter, 1987) or assumed implic itly that a well designed strategic management system facilitates strategic thinking at heart an organisation (Thompson and Strickland, 1999 Viljoen, 1994). Mintzberg (1994) suggested a gull distinction between strategic thinking andconcepts such as strategic planning. He stated that strategic planning is not strategic thinking (p. 107) and argued that all(prenominal) term focuses on a different stage in the strategy development process. In his view, strategic planning focuses on analysis and deals with the articulation, elaboration and formalization of existing strategies. Strategic thinking, on the other hand, emphasises synthesis, using intuition and creativity to create an integrated perspective of the enterprise (p. 108).He claimed that strategic planning is a process that should occur after strategic thinking. Garratt (1995b) argued along similar lines. He defined strategic thinking as a process by which senior executives can rise above the daily managerial processes and c rises (p. 2) to gain a different perspective of the organisation and its changing environments. Heracleous (1998) made the distinction between strategic planning and strategic thinking by an analogy to single-loop learning and double-loop learning. In his view, the former is analogous to strategic planning, the later to strategic thinking. He claimed that single-loop learning involves thinking within existing assumptions and taking actions based on a fixed set of potential action alternatives. Double-loop learning, in contrast, challenges existing assumptions anddevelops unused and innovative solutions, leading to potentially more appropriate actions. Heracleous argued that like single-loop learning and double-loop learning, strategic planning and strategic thinking argon interrelated in a dialectical process and are equally cardinal for effective strategic management.This article supports the view that strategic thinking and strategic planning are two different concepts and that strategic planning is a process, which takes place after strategic thinking. My analysis in the following sections demonstrates that strategic thinking manifests itself at two different levels the individual level and the organisational level. This approach integrates the micro domains focus on individuals and groups with the macro domains focus on organisations and their context. In other words, it acknowledges the twine of individual characteristics and actions on the organisational context and vice versa, the influence of the organisational context on individual thinking and behaviour. As Chatman et al. (1986) have argued When we look at individual behaviour in placements, we are actually seeing two entities the individual as himself and the individual as representative of thiscollectivity . . . Thus the individual not only acts on behalf of the organization in the usual agency sense, but he also acts, more subtly as the organization when he embodies the values, beliefs, and g oals of the collectivity.Thus, understanding strategic thinking requires a dual-level approach that investigates the characteristics of an individual strategic thinker as well as the dynamics and processes that take place within the organisational context in which the individual operates. For instance, to book an accurate picture of the effects of differing leadership styles on strategic thinking, we can look at their impact on individual managers and on the way they influence the wider organisational climate, culture and structure.Strategic thinking at the individual levelStrategic thinking at the individual level comprises three main fixingss 1 a holistic understanding of the organisation and its environment 2 creativity and 3 a vision for the early of the organisation. Each of theseelements will be addressed in the following sections.A holistic understanding of the organisation and its environmentA crucial element of strategic thinking is the ability to take a holistic perspec tive of the organisation and its environment. This requires an understanding of how different problems and issues are connected with each other, how they influence each other and what effect one solution in a particular area would have on other areas. As Kaufman (1991) has expressed it Strategic thinking is characterized by a switch from seeing the organization as a splintered conglomerate of disassociated parts (and employees) competing for resources, to seeing and dealing with the corporation as a holistic system that integrates each part in relationship to the substantial (p. 69).Taking a holistic approach requires the ability to distance oneself from day-to-day operational problems and to see how problems and issues are connected to the overall pattern that underlies particular details and counterbalancets. Senge (1990) has called this approach systems thinking. He argued that We must look beyond personalities and events. We must look into the underlying structures which shape individual actionsand create the conditions where types of events become likely (p. 43). such an attention to the underlying structures of complex situations requires thinking in terms of processes rather than events to enable a reconciliation of apparent contradictions and the development of innovative solutions. Mastering complexness in organisations also requires managers to be familiar with the dynamics of organisational life. Stacey (1996) argued that managers need a thorough understanding of how organisations and managerial actionschange over time and of the feedback processes that lead to such changes. This includes being sensitive to the subtle interactions between the different parts of the organisation and understanding the structural causes of behaviour and their effects on other parts of the organisation. Finally, a holistic view requires recognition that organisations are components within large and complex systems, such as markets, industries and nations. Strategic th inkers need to understand how organisations are embedded within this wider context and how they are influenced by the dynamics, interconnection and interdependency of these systems.Strategy is about ideas and the development of novel solutions to create competitive advantage. Strategic thinkers must search for new approaches and envision better ways of doing things. A prerequisite for this is creativity, in particular the ability to question prevalent concepts and perceptions (de Bono, 1996) and to recombine or make connections between issues that may seem unconnected (Robinson and Stern, 1997). According to Amabile (1998), creative thinking refers to how people approach problems and solutions their capacity to put existing ideas together in new combinations (p. 79, italics in original).This involves contest the tyranny of the given (Kao, 1997, p. 47) by questioning prevailing beliefs or mental models in the organisation. Senge (1990) has described mental models as deeply ingrain ed assumptions, generalizations, or even pictures or images that influence how we understand the world and how we take action (p. 8). He argues that such models are often tacit and beneath our level of awareness, yet they have a strong influence on organisational behaviour . . . new insights fail to get put into practice because they conflict with deeply held internal images of how the world works, images that contrast us to familiar ways of thinking and acting (p. 174).Thus, the ability to reflect on mental models and to challenge prevailing assumptions and core beliefs is crucial for the development of unparalleled strategies and action programs. This requires strategic thinkers to understand their own behavioral patterns as well as existing concepts and perceptions within the organisation. Strategists should enjoy the challenge of thinking out of the shock and of using imagination and creativity to explore whether there might be alternative ways of doing things. De Bono(1996) has made this point very clearWithout creativity we are unable to make full use of the information and experience that is already available to us and is locked up in old structures, old patterns, old concepts, and old perceptions (p. 17).Creativity is a process that begins with the generation of ideas. As de Bono (1996) has noted. . . strategy is too often seen solely as a reduction process in which various possibilities are reduced to a sensible course of action (p. 72).CreativityCreative thinking is needed to imagine multiple possibilities and to search for alternatives to formulaic approaches. The creative process also involves the selection and development of ideas. Good strategists are able to recognise the potential of a new idea at a very early stage. To visualise the value of an idea that has been put forward by people from different organisational levels might be even more important than the generation of original ideas by the strategist. As Robinson and Stern (1997) have observed The larger the company, the more likely it is that the components of creative acts are already present someplace in it, but the less likely it is that they will be brought together without some help (p. 15, italics in original).Finally, there is the need for translating the new idea into practice. ripened management must provide the resources that are needed to implement the idea. As Amabile (1998) has noted . . . deciding how much time and money to give to a squad or project is a sophisticated judgment call that can either support or kill creativity (p. 82)A vision for the futureStrategic thinking should be driven by a strong sense of organisationalpurpose and a vision of the desired future for the organisation. A sure-enough(prenominal) vision as opposed to the popular vision-statements conveys a sense of direction and provides the focus for all activities within the organisation.For Senge (1990), a genuine vision is a call rather than simply a good idea (p. 142, i talics in original). In his view, visions are pictures or images people carry in their heads and hearts (p. 206). They represent what one truly wants, based on fundamental intrinsic values and a sense of purpose that matters deeply to the people in the organisation. Evidence for the importance of a clear vision has been provided by Collins and Porras (1998). Their research showed that visionary companies outperformed nonvisionary companies significantly. One dollar invested in a general market stock fund on January 1, 1926 would have heavy(p) to 415 dollars by December 31, 1990, while the same dollar invested in a visionary company stock fund would have grown to 6,356 dollars, a difference of over 1500 percent.According to Collins and Porras (1998), the visionary companies did not attain this extraordinary long-term performance because they wrote one of the elegant vision or mission statements that have become popular in recent years. They pointed out that Just because a company ha s a vision statement (or something like it) in no way guarantees that it will become a visionary company (p. 201, italics in original). Instead, leaders in visionary companies place strong emphasis on building an organisation that has a deep understanding of its reason for existence and of its core values, those fundamental and enduring principles that guide and inspire people throughout the organisation and bind them together around a common identity. Thomas J. Watson, Jr. (1963), former IBM chief executive, made this point very clear I steadfastly believe that any organization, in order to survive and achieve success, must have a sound set of beliefs on which it premises all its policies and actions (p. 5). accordant alignment (p. 229, italics in original).Developing a genuine vision and building it into the very fabric of the organisation must be a central element of the daily work of strategic thinkers. A vision that is shared throughout the organisation fosters commitment rath er than compliance and creates a sense of commonality that permeates the whole organisation. It inspires peoples imagination and provides a focus that allows individuals to contribute in ways that make the most of their expertise and talents. Ultimately, as Collins and Porras have shown, a genuine vision helps to achieve superior performance in the longterm.Strategic thinking at the organisational levelThe organisational level provides the context in which individual strategic thinking can occur. Organisations need to create the structures, processes and systems that 1 foster ongoing strategic dialogue among the top team and 2 take advantage of the adroitness and creativity of every individual employee.

Advise the UK government on which primary energy resources would be best to develop over the next 20 years

Energy is a fundamental part of our lives still, can we continue to cuss on fossil fuels? By 2030 global energy demand leave alone be 40% higher and at that place are in addition growing tendings everyplace increased greenhouse gas emissions and the resultant warming of our planet which causes us to ask questions ab protrude whether our menstruum energy supply is truly sustainable. The UK is running out of energy, without massive investment in new former plants there will be regular black outs in 10 years. there are some(prenominal)(prenominal) factors to consider when evaluating different primary energy re microbes these include economic, environmental, political and social implications. save, the most important factors to consider would be economic viability (which is particularly significant referable to the UKs current economic situation) and environmental sustainability. In this essay I will be looking at these factors in order to try and bob up up with the most se nsible solution to the growing energy problem in our country and therefore what primary energy alternative should be unquestionable to solve it.G everywherenment Regulation on Media in AmericaNatural GasNatural gas is a major source of electricity generation by dint of the use of gas turbines and steam turbines. It burns more than moply than other hydro nose candy fuels, such as oil and coal, and it also produces less carbon dioxide. For an equivalent add of heat, burning natural gas produces about 30% less carbon dioxide than burning petroleum and about 45% less than burning coal. Gas from the unification Sea has provided Britain with a regular supply since the mid 1960s when the first disc everywhereies were made. However, UK supplies from the North peaked in 1999, since when production has fallen by around half (see graph to the right). The trade secretary says that the UK is now a net importer of gas this growing dependence on imports means increasing vulnerability to rising prices and unbalance in gas-producing regions. Also the CO2 emissions are still significant so you cant consider this energy resource as solely clean. Gas fracking in the UK is a very controversial issue, especially after the recent earthquakes at test drilling sites near Blackpool.Coal33% of our current energy sources come from coal it is well established, cheap and reliable. However economically viable UK coal will run out in 10-15 years and is already expensive to mine. Half the coal utilize in the UK is now imported. The huge environmental implications involved with coal also remain to be a concern there are high emissions of CO2 and SO2 (which causes acid rain.) Earlier this year the government invested 1 billion in cleaner technologies, in particular carbon capture technologies which prevent CO2 from escaping into the atmosphere. The probable rewards from carbon capture and storage are immense a technology that can de-carbonise coal and gas-fired cause post and queen-size industrial emitters, allowing them to play a crucial part in the UKs low carbon future says Ed Davey, Energy and Climate Change Secretary. However this still remains to be a controversial strategy as some say that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is in its babyhood and does not work yet.Nuclear PowerNuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to gift heat and electricity it provides about 20% of the UKs energy, utilising 16 operational nuclear reactors at nine plants. Nuclear power is the primary source of electric power in France 76% of Frances electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the being. Frances nuclear power industry has been called a success story that has put the nation ahead of the world in terms of providing cheap, CO2-free energy. The main positive environmental implication is that it creates minimal CO2 emissions after construction and therefore it isnt contributing to global warming however this shouldnt indi cate that it is environmentally friendly there are high levels of radioactive waste involved and the Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) incidents raise concern over nuclear casualtys. afterwards the 2011 Fukushima incident, the head of Frances nuclear safety agency said that France needs to upgrade the protection of vital functions in all its nuclear reactors to avoid a disaster in the event of a natural calamity, which will inevitably increase the cost of electricity. There are further forbid economic implications as there are high costs of building and decommissioning reactors. Planning and building a power station takes at least 10 years so this will not help meet Kyoto agreements. However a positive economic implication is that Nuclear energy is not as vulnerable to fuel prices fluctuations as oil and gas. There are several(prenominal) pros and cons to nuclear power which makes it a controversial matter all of the above points would have to be considered if this resource wo uld be developed over the next 20 years.HydropowerThis is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity usage but just over 2% of the UKs current consumption. Natural flow hydro is reliant on rainfall and vulnerable to drought which is ideal for the UK. There are no CO2 emissions involved and no vulnerability to fuel prices or political instability and is very cheap once the dam has been built. In theory this sounds like the ideal option for the UK to develop over the next 20 years however in practice there are several negative implications involved. For instance, hydropower projects on mega dams in China have caused species extinction and serious water pollution issues. The three gorges dam in China has had many negative impacts huge areas of land has been flooded resulting in a large scale relocation of people, villages etc. This case study indicates that a large scale hydropower organisation indoors the UK would not be completel y sustainable.The Three Gorges DamOilOil only accounts for 1.2% of the UKs energy consumption and although it is a reliable technology and well established it has many negative implications with it. It is a finite stock resource many oilfields are depleting meaning production has peaked and prices will try (price instability). This has also led to searching for unconventional reserves of oil e.g. in the Arctic. There could be 16 billion barrels of oil in Alaska and outsize oil TNCs are keen to extract it from this fragile wilderness which causes many harsh environmental impacts. The oil industry has a large dependence on politically unstable regions which causes many problems the recent Arab spring conflict in Libya meant there were no exports of oil from this major producer. As well as creating a lot of CO2 emissions which contributes to global warming a major environmental implication is oil spills the deep water horizon oil spill disaster caused extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats and to the Gulfs fishing and tourism industry.BiofuelsBiofuels are crops or organic matter such as agricultural wastes which can be used as fuels. They are defined as renewable because they are based upon plants which have trapped the suns energy during photosynthesis and modifyed it into chemical energy. In the UK it accounts for 0.6% of energy consumption there are only a few facilities burning Biofuels such as waste wood products and straw that are already operating. Energy crops could be grown in the UK, but some will not be cost effective unless yields improve. These energy costs are considered to be carbon neutral because carbon released when crops are burned is balanced by carbon absorbed from the atmosphere during growth. One of the main issues concerned with Biofuels is that it uses up a lot of land which could be used for other things such as growing crops there is a link between the spread of Biofuels across the world and rising food prices.Brazil is considered to have the worlds first sustainable Biofuels economy and is the Biofuel industry leader the UK could learn a lot from Brazils 37-year-old ethanol fuel program which is based on the most efficient agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world. This program has led to there no longer being any light vehicles in Brazil running on pure gasoline which has huge environmental benefits. However, again Biofuels cannot be considered completely environmentally friendly as you need to take into account the direct and indirect effect of land use changes Brazil and other underdeveloped countries convert land in undisturbed ecosystems, such as rainforests, savannas, or grasslands to Biofuel production. Some experts call bioethanol deforestation diesel.WindWind is a key renewable resource that is not vulnerable to fuel price fluctuations. Turbines are emission free and quick to build, with the costs of building them decreasing. The UK is very suited to wind farms som e say that the UK has the best wind resources in Europe. The UK is ranked as the worlds eighth largest producer of wind power at the beginning of parade 2012 the installed capacity of wind power in the United Kingdom was 6,580 megawatts with 333 operational wind farms and 3,506 wind turbines. However, even though it is a leading producer, wind power only accounts for 0.5% of our energy consumption therefore there is a large amount of room for ripening. There are several issues with this source of energy to be considered it uses up a lot of land which inevitably leads to NIMBYISM issues there is local opposition and concerns about the noise pollution and the impact on the landscape. This energy source is also intermittent as wind levels fluctuate.solarSolar is also a key free and renewable energy source. It can generate electricity from photovoltaic cells, be used to heat water directly, or be maximised by good building design. Spain is one of the most advanced countries in the de velopment of solar energy however it is one of the European countries with the most hours of sunshine. This suggests that this source of energy would not be right for the UK as the UK sunshine is unreliable and limited. Solar power is also confined to daylight hours unless photovoltaic cells are used to store power in batteries. The solar power industry within the UK is developing however the potential difference may not be banging enough for it to be developed further in the UK in my opinion.Wave and TidalThis has large potential in some parts of the UK and is a key renewable resource. However there are large development costs and it is still in the research stage with technology not being completely developed yet. There are also environmental issues involved with wave and tidal power the barrier will act as a physical barrier to fish movements to spawning grounds etc. The wave and tidal barriers will also trim back from the visual beauty of the coastline.ConclusionIn this essay I have evaluated the pros and cons of several forms of primary energy which have the potential to be developed within the UK over the next 20 years. I have considered the environmental, political, social and economic implications of each in order to try and come up with the most sustainable option for the UKs future.Forms of renewable energy seem to be the most obvious choice to be developed in the UK with the ever increasing concerns over global warming and climate change. The environmental impacts involved with using natural gas, coal, nuclear energy and oil all seem to be too big for them to be considered. The political impacts concerned with oil in particular is a strong indication of an energy resource that should be avoided by the UK oil is already making a small and declining contribution to electricity generation in our country.With the focus being, in my opinion, on renewable energy it leaves the controversial decision over what particular primary energy source should be d eveloped. At first glance, maximising the potential of hydropower seems to be the most sensible option as this is already having the largest contribution to our energy consumption out of all the renewables. However, much of the UKs hydropower potential has already been exploited with large scale future development unlikely. I also believe that solar power isnt the right renewable energy to go for as the UKs climate is simply not fit enough for it to have a large impact on our growing energy consumption. Wave and tidal energy does however have large potential in the UK however I am worried that due to its early stage in development it would need massive investment for it to reach its potential this I believe would not be economically viable in the UK considering our current economic climate.This leaves me with wind power. I believe that this should be the energy resource that should be further developed over the next 20 years for several reasons it is currently the fastest growing r enewable in the UK and there is already heavy government backing to support it. There are little environmental impacts to be considered and with costs falling it is also economically viable. NIMBYISM objections can also be solved with the development of off-shore wind farms further out to sea, for example the worlds biggest offshore wind farm off Kent with the 100 turbines being expected to generate enough electricity to power 200,000 homes. The success of this particular development will in my opinion become a catalyst for further development of more wind farms in the UK and will hopefully help solve the growing energy problem in our country.

Research Critique of Benefits of Systematic Phonics Instruction

The purpose of this study or major research question was to find if children taught with systematic phonics programs outperformed children in nonsystematic phonics or non phonics programs. (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) The pens do list a major research question, but the problem statement was non as clear as it could have been. The selecter has to glance over in depth of the entire expression to really bring conclusion to what is being researched.It is not very defined with clarity, but you are able to haoma out what is being researched and judgeed. The problem is significant and relevant because the researchers are looking at two approaches using a control group of children enrolling them in fin types of programs Basal reading programs, regular curriculum, whole language, whole word, and miscellaneous programs. In whole language approaches, it is believed that children will learn language (oral and written) best if it is learned for accredited purposes (Stah l, 1999).The author states the computer-based experiment permitted us to compare the differences and effectiveness of a systematic and a nonsystematic phonics approach, because in both programs the same 10 grapheme-phoneme correspondences were taught. Hypothesis The authors open their article with, systematic phonics instruction appears to be more effective than non systematic instruction for teaching reading. (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) In the present study, a systematic phonics approach was directly compared with a non-systematic phonics approach for kindergarten children.Feature ArticleCountry SchoolAllen CurnowThe authors clearly state what they feel will happen in their research but do not go into much detail other than one or two reviews from other authors of why they support the research in the pre testing of it the way that they do. The author explains on the measures of phonemic awareness, spelling, and reading, the systematic phonics group made more prog ress than the nonsystematic phonics group and the control group. Results The results of the test in the productive letter sound test at pretest were . 13. The performance showed to be no difference between the two training conditions in this section.The free sound isolation test at pretest was 0. The performance on the free sound- isolation test of children in both the unsystematic phonics training and in the control condition was found to have no difference. The bar of the Reading Test found no difference between the phonics training and the same measure and outcome was found with the spelling test. The results of the testing procedures were hard to read and understand. The process used by Intra Class Correlation was the measurement used at the pretest. It never discusses the ICC during the posttest. Whether the ICC was used it never refers to it after the pretest discussion.

Breaking A Cultural Rule About Gender

It is burning(prenominal) to note important terms in this paper such as gender, gender roles and patriarchal beau monde. sexual urge is a distinguishing form used to incompatibleiate in the midst of a male and a female. Although gender is broadly speaking referred by us as sex there is still a noticeable difference between the two terms. This difference is basically more(prenominal) on the fact that gender refers more to a fond construction wherein sex refers to a biological condition. Gender roles atomic number 18 close to greenly found in a particular social group or system.Gender roles refer to a set of behavioral norms that argon usually connected with males or females. Of course, gender roles differ from one place to an several(prenominal) different. In most countries females be treated almost as an equal to that of males. However, there be still countries which remain rigid with their judgwork forcets that compositionpower are superior to that of women and they even support the Platonic view that women are incomplete men. Of course these builds of beliefs are the primary curtilages why populacey women are enraged and thus many social movements are formed which aims to unblock women from their restricted roles in the society.One may wonder why it is the case that even though many feminists movement already emerged, the successes of these movements are still considered limited. On my own viewpoint, I think the reason lies on the verse of feminists movements that emerged. With so many forms of these movements, they find it hard to solidify themselves into one movement which would liberate women once and for all. due(p) to different beliefs and contrasting viewpoints, women themselves argue with each other as to what they should be fighting about.However, one jet belief between these numerous groups of women lies on the fact that the cause of repression and marginalization among women lies within the patriarchal society. patriarc hic society emerged from the belief that fathers should be the one to take good care of the welfare of their family. It is through this that the belief that men should take the bulge of the responsibility for their community emerged. One can easily see the reason why women consider patriarchy to be the one to blame for their conditions.As for me, the only difference between a man and a woman lies on their biological differences, nothing more and nothing less. It is common noesis that we are living in a society which is filled with rules and roles. There are things that only men can do as there are things that only women are expect to do. As a woman, the society expects you to be gentle and you should take care of your family in such a way that a woman must make sure that her family is well-feed, properly clothe and the uniform.Common expectations from men on the other upset lies on the fact that they are physically tougher than women and thus men are expected to act tough. close men are afraid to show their weaknesses and they seldom cry even though they so valued to. Men are excessively expected to take care of his family, though in a different way from that of a woman. The taking care expected from a woman is very minimal as compared to those from men. Women are expected to do the household chores, to cook the food that would feed her family and the like. Men on the other hand, are expected to provide the means or the resources needed by his family.Men should be the bread-winner in their family and this is earlier the reason why a man takes it hard when a woman feeds her family. This kind of scenario is most common in a family where the man cant find a job and thus it deplorables on the womans responsibility to make sure that their family choose the resources they need in put up to survive. close to men cant take this kind of living and their prides suffers great ravish. Anyhow, such are most of the common gender rules our society are boxed in. I t is from the examples stated above from where I got the idea of what kind of gender rule I should break.As a woman, if you penury to be respected by the multitude nearly you, you should act the way a woman should. Of course there are many ways on which a woman can choose to act save a respectable woman is expected to act with finesse and she should not act loosely if she does not want to be treated like a slut. One can see how unfair it is that men can do what they want without worrisome to what it could possibly cause them in most cases. For example, if a girl decides to have two or more boy title-holders the society would brand her as a slut.If a guy on the other hand decides to have two or more girl paladins then he is considered great among his peers and it would not do much damage to his reputation as compared to the damage a similar act could inflict upon a woman. If a man was insulted he can easily take revenge by fighting back. A woman, on the other hand cannot do the same thing because it would be unwomanly to act in such a way. Of course women fighting each other are a natural phenomenon on slums and places of such sorts but women who had proper education are expected by their society to act in a more finesse manner.It was this kind of experience I would share in this paper. For this project I asked a wiz of mine for her help. I asked her to pretend that we fell into a fight and that we should go on with our act for a number of twenty-four hourss. This friend of mine which I would hide in the name Anne had been my friend for as eagle-eyed as I can remember and thus we have a common circle of friends. However, Anne is analyze from a different school than mine and thus shes got friends whom I dont recognize as I do have mine.Now the scenario we decided to portray is to fool our friends into believing that we really fell into deep hatred with each other and this particular conflict could not be resolved in any way. The reason of the fight wou ld be something really deep that both of us would not want to discuss with any of our friends. To make matters worse I would pretend that Anne has been doing things to me which I cant nominate wherein Anne on the other hand would appear weak in front of her friends and she would tell stories of how badly I acted with her. On the first day of our fight nobody really recalld that we have been fighting each other.However, as the time moved our fiends slowly got into believing that we really are fighting with each other. Our first orgasm had been exchange of hurtful words but these did not convince our friends and so on our third day of acting we tried to act a little harsher and thus we ended slapping each other. Of course the slapping happened in a public place of all places and it is needless to tell that the experience had been really embarrassing. It had been such a hard task fooling our friends but we finally convinced them when Anne and I got a little physical.There are so ma ny things Ive expected out of what happened. I expected that some of our friends would side with her wherein some would side with me. However there are also a number of things which occurred which I havent expected. Some of Annes friends from her school convinced Anne to wait for me on my way home and in order not to drop our act Anne let her friends convinced her. It was only through a text capacity that Ive escaped from an encounter with her friends. Another thing I did not expect is a friend of mine which I would hide in the name Toby really sided with Anne at first.Toby called me after study about what happened and he asked me how I managed to act in such a way. He even went as far as to say that he didnt expect it from me of all people to act in such a way. However, after explaining my self Toby apologized and decided to stay neutral. He later utter that what made him act rashly is the fact that Anne had been very pitiful in recounting her story. Of all the things which Ive expected the only thing which happened is that out group of friends really divided themselves between Anne and me. However, there are some who remained neutral and worked themselves hard to bridge the gap between Anne and me.Of the experience I have acquire how society treats catfights differently from male fights. Of course if male friends fell into dispute similar thing could also happen (splitting of friends, etc. ). However, male fights are more common than catfights especially if things get physical. My mother go up with what happened and she really boxed my ears after learning of my fight with Anne. She then went on to lecture that an amend woman does not act in such a way and that it is very childish and unrefined of me to get myself involved in such a fight.Many hurtful things and judgment also befell on me and Anne that I am glad that our acting is finally over. Upon experiencing this I have learned that though women appears to be equal to that of their male counterpar ts nowadays, such is still not really the case. Men can do most things without ruination their name and reputations wherein a woman would have to endure demeaning words, stares and the like if she decided to act inappropriate to what was expected of her. In terms of fighting a guy is more justified to defend his self to that of a woman. When you are a guy you can do almost anything and people wouldnt say a thing about it.You can pick a fight whenever you feel like it and people would only consider it natural some would even went as far as to say that hes a real and admirable man to be able to handle such a fight and the like. Such things got no place for women and thus catfights are considered as a form of pastime by some (based from my experience). Besides when I tried to justify myself by asking a friend of mine how is he different from me when he himself fights for what he believes in he answered that he is a man and Im a woman as if that alone is answer enough.Such is the unf airness of the patriarchal society we are living in today. No wonder many oppose this kind of society. However, I believe that if women really want to get out of the box society put them into they should do so by giving up the benefits they enjoy in this kind of patriarchal society simply on the earth that they are a woman. Reference http//www. britannica. com http//education. yahoo. com http//www. infoplease. com

How to Build Online Business Trust in the Philippines

effrontery is probably the single almost important factor in running an online business. Although the book of account of online transactions argon increasing, most customers are hesitant to use their credit cards due to the many another(prenominal) scams, frauds and other fly-by-night operations plaguing the Internet. Studies show that nearly 70 percent of online shoppers have terminated an differentiate in the middle of processing because they did not feel safe enough. But without the benefit of face-to-face interaction, how whoremonger you communicate trust to your online clients? Invest in design. The form, look and feel of your website is the first thing that can restrain your reckonors feel at home. Viewer friendly layouts and customized content testament help persuade customers to make that purchase. * concord great customer service. Many developers tend to forget that an offline presence is essential in beefing up your online business. localize telephone numbers and other vital contact information on your homepage. This will assure clients that in that respect are flesh-and-blood people behind every transaction. Use an effective secure requital system. Secure hire gateways like Paypal up your credibility, especially when paired with SSL/PCI scanning seals and other forms of security verification. * Have a Trust Mark Seal on your website. A Trust Mark Seal Certification is probably the easiest and most effective way of building trust in your business. Rampant online fraud has taught shoppers to value third-party trust marks, resulting in significantly larger conversion rates on websites with these certifications.However, there are different kinds of Trust Mark. SSL and PCI examine Certifications protect data encryption, but they will not assure your clients that you are a legitimate statutory entity, or help you stand out from the competition. Business Verification Trust Marks, on the other hand, license your credentials and help showcase your company advantages. Having a Business Verification Trustmark will tell your clients that you are a serious company that cares about ethics, security and reliability.Localized service is key to choosing a Trust Mark. For Philippine firms, Sure Seal is the first service to offer this verification. So invest in design, customer service, payment security and Trust Mark business certifications. It may sound simple, but these four basic travel will go a long way in building trust in your online business. Qartas Corp. , tardily launched the first Online Business Verification Service in the country through SureSeal. ph, with JobsDB. com, IslandRose.Net, Pinoydelikasi. com and Load. PH as one of their first featured members. With the SureSeal Trust Mark on your website, your can * Differentiate your businesses from competitors, imitators and fraudsters. * Convert visitors into consumers. * Be part of a community of Filipino online businesses with the highest legal and ethical standa rds. Showcase your legitimacy and credentials as veri? ed by a trusted third party specializing in Philippine-based clients. SureSeal? localized service assures perfect(a) investigation of client credentials relevant to customers.Firms certi? ed with the Sure Seal Trust Mark will be included in a searchable online database. This will allow potential customers to identify quality businesses, thus helping minimize fraud on the Internet. The fees to acquire the seal and undergo the verification process, from what i heard, ranges from Php15k to Php20k.. visit www. sureseal. ph for further details. This service is targetted to Philippine registered companies only.

Management Information System at Dell

Management instruction outline involves the information system and the organization. MIS begins where figurer science ends. computing machine scientists deserve accolades for developing and delivering even more advanced forms of information technology hardwargon technology estimator software technology and network technology. Yet beca hire no technology implements itself, there is more to MIS than just information technology. MIS has dimensions.The quaternary interrelated dimensions of MIS are as follows First, MIS involves not just information technology, but also its instantiation second, MIS involves, as reactive and inextricable elements, both an information system and its organizational context third, MIS involves information technology as a form of intellectual technology and fourth, MIS involves the activities of a profession or corporate function which are intrinsic to the essence of what MIS is (Currie & G exclusivelyiers, 1999). dell Computer Corporation Company Bac kground dingle Computer Corporation is a major manufacturer of personal computers, computer peripherals, and software. Among the leading producers of computers in the world, dingle sells its products directly to customers through the net income and mail-order catalogs rather than through retail outlets. The play along is based in Round Rock, Texas. At Dell Computers, customers are brought into the product planning and manufacturing processes, with all employees encouraged having contact with customers. Through effective collaboration across boundaries, ideas toilet be shared about product designs and value propositions.The result is faster and more customer-foc utilise product and attend to innovation. To produce the capacity for this, considerable attention must be placed on organizational structures, processes, skills and culture. such(prenominal) elements may need a radical overhaul in established companies (Dennis & Harris, 2002). Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. I n 1983, during his freshman year at the University of Texas, he bought excess nventory of RAM chips and disk drives for IBM personal computers from topical anesthetic dealers.He resold the comp one and only(a)nts through newspaper advertisements at prices far below retail cost. By 1984, his sales add up about $80,000 a month. In April 1984, Dell dropped out of school to launch his union (Ford, Honeycutt, & Simintiras, 2003). The new phoner soon began manufacturing its own IBM-compatible computers under the name PCs Limited. Because Dell sold computers directly to users through advertisements in magazines and catalogs, the ships companionship could price its machines lower than those sold through retail stores.Sales reached nearly $6 million during the companys first year, climbing to $34 million the following year. By 1987, Dell was the leading mail-order computer company in the United States. In that year, it created a sales force to target large corporations and began adding international offices to capture the direct-mail market outside the United States (Ford, Honeycutt, & Simintiras, 2003). While the company continued to grow rapidly Dell experienced a series of setbacks that hurt profits.In 1990, the company began selling computers through retail stores, an lather it abandoned in 1994. In 1991, Dell launched a line of notebook computers, but quality problems and short production planning forced the company to stop selling for a year. In 1994, Dell launched a new line of notebook computers and expanded efforts to increase overseas sales. Dell also began focusing on the market for servers, which utilise the computers to run local area networks. By the late 1990s, Dell was firmly in place as the worlds number one direct seller of computers.More than 50 percent of the companys computer sales transactions took place via its website, which generated worldwide sales in excess of $40 million a day (Ford, Honeycutt, & Simintiras, 2003). training Proces sing Tools Information process or Data touch is the analysis and organization of selective information. It is used extensively in business, engineering, and science and an increasing cessation in nearly all areas in which computers are used. Businesses use data processing for such tasks as payroll preparation, accounting, record keeping, armoury control, sales analysis, and the processing of bank and credit card account statements.Engineers and scientists use data processing for a wide variety of applications, including the processing of seismic data for oil and mineral exploration, the analysis of new product designs, the processing of satellite imagery, and the analysis of data from scientific experiments (Thierauf, 1978). Data processing is used extensively in business, engineering, and science and to an increasing extent in nearly all areas in which computers are used. Data processing is divided into two kinds of processing database processing and transaction processing.A dat abase is a collection of common records that foot be searched, accessed, and modified, such as bank account records, school transcripts, and income revenue data. In database processing, a computerized database is used as the central source of reference data for the computations. Transaction processing refers to interaction between two computers in which one computer initiates a transaction and another computer provides the first with the data or computation required for that function. Most modern data processing uses one or more databases at one or more central sites (Thierauf, 1978).Transaction processing is used to access and update the databases when users need to immediately view or add information other data processing programs are used at regular intervals to provide summary reports of activity and database status. Examples of systems that involve all of these functions are automated teller machines, credit sales terminals, and airline reservation systems (Thierauf, 1978). T he information processing tools that Dell uses include computers, the internet, maps, spreadsheets, models, and databases. For the operational level of Dell, the near appropriate tool for information processing is maps.Through the verbalise information processing tool, decisions on how to operate the organization tail end be initialized and made. Maps provoke be used to place which country/place information will be acquired from, it can also advocate in determining the demographic level of people and information will be gathered. Maps can be in the form of charts that can also provide necessary information. The information gathered in turn can assist in helping to decide how an organization will be operated. For the tactical level of Dell, the most appropriate tool for information processing is databases.Through the said information processing tool, the records that can assist in finding out the strength and weakness of the company can be used to determine the tactic that will be used by the organization. For the strategic level of Dell, the most appropriate information processing tool is the internet or World Wide Web. Through the internet, trends and strategies by other companies can be known. After analyzing the trends and strategies used by other companies, an appropriate strategy can be explicate to use by the organization.Inventory control systems Individual businesses need, first and foremost, an efficient livestock control system. This implies the minimum amount of inventory that will provide the consumers with what they need whenever and wherever they need it. Effectiveness of the inventory system means basically having an inventory mix that is most likely successful in satisfying consumer demand (Samli & Sirgy, 1995). The inventory control systems used by Dell is up to date and reliable to prevent problems to arise.The inventory system of Dell makes sure that anything the consumer need will be available to them at any given over time. It is also what the company uses to know if certain products are still available or misuse of the inventory system may cost problems to the company. Conclusion Management information system involves the information system and the organization. Dell benefits a lot from the management information system. The system helps the company create strategies that will help the company conquer any problems and threats from competitors.The system also assists the company in processing the needed information. Management Information Systems also helps a company to create or update its inventory control system. Recommendations Since the MIS of a company is a vital part of its operations and its survival in the modern world, it must be well updated and it must compete well with MISs competitors. The MIS of a company should be created from high standards so that it can be of stiff competition against its counterparts. The MIS system should help the company to achieve its goals and assist the company in reaching its potential

25 Min

Evan Michel Mr. Rotolo Advanced Composition 31 August 2010 One of the most challenging parts ab break through facing difficult times and heavy(a) ship is learning how to look past the adverse times to see the brighter fount of your troubles and the lighter placement of your struggles. President Gerald R. Ford made a speech to Washingtons Gridiron Club and give tongue to just that. Americans are at their very best when they look at the brighter side of their troubles and the lighter side of their struggles, the quote from President Fords speech is a perfect reminder that no bet what hardships you are acquittance through it can always be made better by spirit at it from a different perspective. By embracing the brighter side of the riddle Americans are able to divvy up the problem that is at stake and happening right now instead of being held back by past problems and hesitation.Americans go through times where it is extremely hard to put food on the get across and many citiz ens cant take that kind of stress. This is when President Fords advice can tally into play. If only the Americans that are going through these hardships would look differently at them instead of struggling and laborious to fight them their life would be made much easier because they could solve the problems and move on with their lives. Over the storey of our country there has been many instances where these hard times are present not only to well-nigh but to all and many people just break down and give up.For example The outstanding Depression was a time when the stock market crashed and America as a whole was going through an adverse time. During this time there were a small handful of people who looked at the problem from a different point of view, as recommended by President Ford and helped pull our country out of that whole and back to its former self. If no one would get hold of taken action during that time and everyone would have waited for someone else to do it for th em then America would probably still be in a depression.No publication what type of problems we face and how difficult they are they can all be overcome. This can be through with(p) by looking at the brighter side of life and remembering and other past hardships that were overcome and how you overcame them and position that knowledge to use. Whether the problem is big or small Americans can overcome it together by trying. boilersuit President Gerald R. Fords speech to Washingtons Gridiron Club is all the advice demand to get through any hard time in life.

Appiled Arts Essay

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to throw them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the apply liberal arts. Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories containers, shelters and supports. There is no way somewhat the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional.The applied arts be thus bound by the laws of physics, which preserve to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of heathen beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, pay back determined the customary practic e of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so ofttimes so that functional forms can vary and within certain limits.Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the objects primary function. ? sensitiveness to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true(a) for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines.Fine-art objects are not restrain by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are unaccompanied limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the run.For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a round shot under that hoof. This was through because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptors artistic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an imitation to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

Speak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speak - Essay ExampleIn addition, which is even more substantial, the verbaliser that keeps eye accomplish with everyone makes each participant of the auditory modality feel like the speaker is talking to him personally (Davidhizar 1992). This definitely makes the speaker attractive for the audience. Speakers appearance also plays key role in oratory process. showtime of all, nobody wants to emotional state at somebody who looks unkempt secondly, such a person would make audience feel disrespected by the speaker. Thus, of course, while deciding which clothes to wear for our speech we should first of all guide their appropriateness and adapt the panache to the audiences preferences. Comfort is also a very important thing in public speaking, as a speaker needs to feel comfortable in order not to be constrained in his self-expression while speaking. It is significant for a speaker to look attractive for his audience thats why his use of body should be efficient and clothing styl e must be

Program Need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Program Need - search ExampleOf those children who clear asthma, a large proportion of them are considered overweight when compared with peer groups. Type II diabetes has become more prevalent in children, mostly due to the obesity epidemic in America. foregoing to 1992, childishness obesity contributed to only two to four percent. In 1994, that number had risen to sixteen percent. round children have a 12.6 times greater risk of having a high fasting blood insulin level, which is a factor for type II diabetes. High blood pressure, called hypertension, is also on the rise in children. on that point is a nine times greater risk of inflated blood pressure occurring persistently in obese children than in non-obese children. In addition, obese children and adolescents are 2.4 times more likely to have a high diastolic blood pressure reading and 4.5 times more likely to have an elevated systolic blood pressure reading than non-obese children. Orthopedic complications are another c ontrovert aspect of childhood obesity. These complications are due to the fact that the growing bones and cartilage of growing children are not only strong enough to support excess weight (Obesity in Youth, 2005).The psychosocial effects are just as important as the physical consequences of obesity. White girls, who are more likely to develop a negative body image, are greatly impacted by childhood obesity. These girls are then at a greater risk for the development of eating disorders later in life. Adolescent females report stigmatizing consequences of being obese. These acknowledge weight-related teasing by peers, name calling, and harmful comments by family members, coworkers, peers, and friends. Children and adolescents also report that others make negative assumptions to the highest degree them due to their weight. These assumptions include that they are lazy, inactive, tough, and unclean (Collins, 2005).After-school exercise programs are becoming more touristy throughout A merica. These programs are an excellent way for children to become more active and subscribe lifetime seaworthiness skills. At one school in Virginia, students not only exercise and eat wellnessy snacks, they learn lifetime fitness skills such as calculating heart rate and using a pedometer to wrap up their daily steps. Staff members are also involved in the program. Since the implementation of the program, one hundred students have become involved and staff members have lost a total of five hundred pounds (Glod, 2005). These affirmatory results, combined with the growing prevalence of childhood obesity, clearly indicate the need for an after-school program in this district.Proposed Program DescriptionThe proposed program will have several components related to exercise participation, healthy eating, health education, and family and staff participation. The exercise component of the program will focus on cardiovascular wellness and coordinated aerobic exercises as well as streng th-training activities. These activities can include walking, jogging, working with an exercise ball, using a rock climbing wall, calisthenics, isometric exercises, and working with free weights.Healthy eating will also represent an important role in the after-school exercise program. The snacks that are provided will be low in sugar, fat, cholesterol, and sodium and will be of good nutritional value for the participants. These snacks can include fresh fruits,