Abc Steel Company Essay

Robert Cruz, newly appointed Shop Manager of ABC Steel Company, was making his way through the plant back to his office. He had just reviewed the company’s most recent operating statistics with his boss, Rudyard de los Santos, Operations Manager. The statistics were shocking: ABC Company’s production backlog had reached such proportions that top management decided not to accept any further business. The company was paying penalties of P50, 000.00 a day due to non-fulfillment of contract delivery dates. ABC Company was one of the country’s largest producers of fabricated steel products. The company fabricated and installed storage tanks, mine and cane car bodies, dump bodies, boats and many types of structural steel. As shown in the organization chart (Exhibit 1), fabrication and installation activities were organized as independent activities. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay Robert Cruz had recently been promoted from Quality Control Supervisor to Shop Manager (see Exhibit 1). Twenty-nine years old, Robert had worked for ABC Company for the past 2 years. He had previously worked as a sheet metal worker and as an instructor at a United States naval base in Subic. Robert held an engineering degree from a local university. Plagued by an ever-increasing production backlog, ABC Company had placed Robert in charge of all shop operations. There were 200 workers in the shop reporting directly to leadmen who, in turn, reported to Bay supervisors.1There were five Bay supervisors reporting to Robert. Before Robert’s appointment, Jim Fuentes, 45, was in charge of the shop. It was decided to transfer him to the position of Field Manager. (This position had formerly been a part of Rudyard’s responsibility.) Before, he and Mr. de los Santos had reviewed the ABC Company’s performance. Robert had isolated a number of critical problem areas in the fabrication shop. Production control was a constant problem. Schedules were drawn up improperly and they were seldom met. For example, a local construction firm had recently contracted ABC Company to build 2 dump trucks. The contract  price agreed upon was P150,000 each, and the trucks were to be delivered in 8 weeks. ABC Company had failed to meet the delivery date. The first dump truck was delivered after 10 week’s time, and the production statistics revealed that â€Å"out of pocket† costs for the first truck exceeded P170, 000. The second truck had yet to be delivered, and Robert estimated that fabrication costs for the two would total nearly P400,000. It was discovered that labor and material estimates had been inaccurate. More importantly, Robert listed four reasons why target dates were not met: (1) the targets were unrealistic, (2) shifts in manpower requirements were not anticipated, _______________ 1All fabrication activities were carried on in separate sections of the plant called â€Å"bays†. Most work orders were started and completed in one bay; less than 20% of the production work flowed from one bay to another. (3 there were no consistent â€Å"follow-up† policies and (4) machine scheduling was so poor that during one week, a huge cutting machine lay idle, while during the next week it had to be run 22 hours a day.2 As shown in Exhibit 1, Rudyard de los Santos was acting Production Control Manager. He and Gabby Alcantara, (Shop Production Control Supervisor), were working on a more effective system of production control. But Robert believed it would be at least six months before any new system would be ready for implementation. As the General Manager admitted, production and control was a â€Å"hit and miss† affair. Another problem Robert Cruz inherited when he took over the fabrication shop was a shortage of skilled manpower. ABC Company had long prided itself on being a producer of top quality steel products. The use of skilled welders, cutters, and steel workers was ABC Company’s only assurance that this quality could be maintained, and in recent years such skilled workers had become scarce. Finally, Robert had been told that there were serious â€Å"discipline† problems  in the shop. Workers were often tardy. They fraternized constantly during working hours, and often disregarded the authority of their leadmen and supervisors. Ninety percent of the laborers came from a nearby baranggay, and many were also baranggay leaders tended to be more lax in implementing company policies and taking disciplinary action against the workers. Other baranggay leaders who did not hold positions of responsibility with ABC Company were able to undermine the authority of the leadmen and supervisors in the shop. Two of the five Bay supervisors were described by the workers as â€Å"baranggay leaders†; two were described as being â€Å"not important† in the baranggay. One supervisor was an â€Å"outsider† and did not reside in the nearby baranggay. When Robert’s appointment to the position of Shop Manager became known, many persons in the shop were surprised. Although his performance in the Quality Control Department had been excellent, many of the â€Å"old timers† in the shop believed he lacked sufficient â€Å"management experience.† Interview with Robert Cruz Edison Mojica, an MBA student specializing in Organizational Behavior, had been observing the operations of ABC Steel Company as part of practicum for a number of weeks. He was waiting in the Shop manager’s office when Robert Cruz returned from his meeting with Rudyard de los Santos. He and Robert sat down and the new Shop Manager began to talk. Robert: Well I know I’ve got my work cut out for me†¦ You should see those penalty figures! We’ll be bankrupt in another five months at this rate! I’m still swimming in a pool of problems†¦Lots of them. Old problems dropped into my lap. _______________ 2ABC Steel Company fabrication operations were carried on during two eight-hour shifts. The first shift was from 8 AM to 5 PM; the second shift was from 5 PM to 2 AM. What’s worst, present problem multiply them (Pause). Of course, management does not expect me to solve these problems all by myself. I’m new in this position†¦.besides, the odds seem to be on my side. I would need the help of other departments. Edison: What do you mean by â€Å"odds†? Robert: Well, take the case of my supervisors in the shop. They are too old to be my subordinates. (Laughs) Not only that, they’re too good to their men. I don’t get any bad reports from them. That’s not an accurate reflection of things. The supervisors can’t afford to go against the majority’s rule you know how baranggay folks are†¦. Edison: But do you get results from your supervisors? Robert: It’s not a question of getting results from them. It’s more a problem of getting the best results. Do you think that my supervisors would have the guts to ask their men to cut out their chat-chats during working hours, or their coming late to work? Or even correcting their poor working habits? Everyone tries to be a supervisor here, you know. Edison: How do you propose to correct this situation? Robert: The Personnel Department will have to help me handle this problem. My supervisors and leadmen will be given supervisory training. If they still don’t’ learn†¦ Well, I think I have to be more firmed with them. Right? You see, before I stepped into this shop, these supervisors had been doing the things they’re doing now for generations. I’m not exaggerating. I think previous management had been too lax with them. To break a rule was not uncommon. Nobody seemed to check on anyone. Now when I came in, I tried to push these rules. What happened? The workers thought that I’ve created new rules for them. They think I’m trying to be strict with them. Edison: What’s your major problem in the shop? Robert: I have many major problems. (Laughs) But I think production control is the worst of them. We never seem to have completed any job on time. This is what’s costing us money. Planning and scheduling are a hit and miss affair. It’s really hard to break a habit, isn’t it? Besides, our production control section is undermanned, I think. What we‘ve got to do is get the men to think in terms of a schedule, a plan †¦.rather than just working on the job in front of them†¦.. The Problem of Overtime The following day a Bay Supervisor entered Robert’s office and requested that the entire fabrication work force be placed on overtime that weekend to complete a number of unfinished jobs.3 The Shop Manager knew that in recent months overtime expenses were extraordinarily high. Mr. de los Santos and top management had tolerated this extra expense because it seemed to be the only way to meet deadlines. Before granting the Bay Supervisor’s request, Robert asked for detailed description of the operations that were to be completed during the overtime period. The Bay Supervisor became angry. He stood up and exclaimed loudly. â€Å"Nobody in my twenty years in this shop has demanded this from me. Who do you think you are?† The two men stared at each other. After a few moments Robert suggested they review the matter with Mr. Rudyard de los Santos. The Operations Manger, sensing that the Bay Supervisor was very upset, decided that the Supervisor on this occasion need not submit a description of work to be completed. However, it was made an operating procedure from that time on that a proposed overtime activities list had to be submitted before any overtime could be allowed in the shop. The following week Robert found that it would be necessary for one of the fabrication bays to work overtime. He approached the Bay Supervisor and asked him to work overtime on the following day. To Robert’s surprise, the  Supervisor told him that the men could not make the overtime because they all had â€Å"previous appointments.† ABC STEEL COMPANY Essay VIEWPOINT:a) Mr. Robert Cruz, newly appointed Shop Manager of ABC Steel Company. The company had placed Mr. Robert in charge of all shop operations; OR b) Top Management TIME CONTEXT:At present I.PROBLEM STATEMENT: How can ABC Steel Company avoid delays in the production and delivery of the products to the customer? II.STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE To strictly comply with the stated delivery schedule requirement of the customer in recently placed orders and fully accomplish the backlogs within three (3) months. III.AREAS OF CONSIDERATION A.STRENGTH 1.ABC Company was one of the country’s largest producers of fabricated steel products. The company fabricated and installed storage tanks, mine and cane car bodies, dump bodies, boats and many types of structural steel. 2. ABC has the capability to produce top quality steel products. B.WEAKNESSES 1.ABC Company has an inaccurate labor and materials estimates; 2.The targets were unrealistic; 3.Shifts in manpower requirements were not anticipated; 4.There were no consistent â€Å"follow-up† policies; 5.Poor planning and scheduling of manpower and machineries; 6.Shortage of skilled manpower that produces top quality products; 7.View of subordinates that Mr. Rober Cruz lacked management experience; 8.Authority of leadmen and supervisors is being disregarded by their subordinates; 9.Discipline problems among workers; and 10.Lax in the implementation of company’s rules and regulations. 11.Production backlog C.OPPORTUNITIES 1.ABC’s known credibility in producing high quality fabricated steel products can still be used to generate other leading consumers in the market. D.THREATS 1.Bankruptcy in another five months; 2.Industry’s awareness of ABC’s situation/inefficiency; 3.Decrease in customer loyalty 4.Other companies in the same product line that target the delivery schedule of its customers IV.ASSUMPTION/S A.The machineries used by the company are in good condition and are sufficient enough to meet production requirements. B.No price increase in commodities. C.Workers will coordinate with their supervisor in terms of work attitudes V.ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION A.Conduct meeting with Department Heads B.Resources and personnel maximization C.Sub-contracting VI.ANALYSIS ADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE Better understanding of company’s situation Pin-point the source of the problem thru representations of the Heads in their respective departments. Encourage participation of concerned personnel in decision-making Time consuming Adjustment difficulty Avoid idle times of machines Avoid fraternizing during work hours Completion of backlogs/increased in production Higher cost for maintenance and utilities Acquiring the services of company with expertise on the goods / services required. Division of labor Less profit VII.CONCLUSION AREA’SACA ABC Adaptability332 Timeliness332 Cost Effectiveness321 Manageability332 Total12117 Legend: 1 – Good, 2 – Better; and 3 – Best VIII.RECOMMENDATION:ACA A IX.DETAILED PLAN OF ACTION ACTIVITIESPERSONS INVOLVEDRESOURCESTIME FRAME 1.Conduct management review meetingRudyard delos Santos and Department HeadsMeeting expenses-Weekly (until the completion of the backlogs); and -Once every months (routine schedule). 2. Strict implementation of management review meeting agreements (e.g. Status reports)Department HeadsMeeting expensesAs required. 2. Conduct Leadership trainings and seminar for Completed Staff Work Managers and StaffAt least 2 training per semester (1 internal and 1 external trainings) 3.Creative an incentive scheme (e.g. Star Performer of the month) with incentive bonus StaffEvery month 4. Create a Performance Evaluation CommitteeManagers/SupervisorsBefore end of the year 5.Conduct of Team Building activitiesManagers, Staff, Department headsCultural expenseQuarterly – all department

Final research HND Business Essay

Executive Summary Of Research on Basant or Spring Festival Event for the research was decided as â€Å"Basant or Spring Festival Lahore†. Basant was started 1300-1400 hundred century. But in near past the event was become controversial. Some religious activist called it Hinduism while some people in taking lead in kite-flying start taking lives of people and this activity was banned. Its was business event too and contributing national income. Was a beneficial for hotel and food industry etc. Our research was too found out the reasons for banning it. The beneficiaries of the festival and out put from the event and Myths regarding the events as well as give some recommendation. For the purpose a detailed proposal were made and presented to supervisor after approval of the proposal. Work was started on research. Literature was reviewed for facts finding. A questionnaire were made and distributed in 500 people and collected, interviews were conducted from different stake holders and other techniques of data collection were applied. Data were organized and presented in percentage and graphically. Analysis was made. The research findings were that basant or spring festival is better business activity accepted people of the country and encouraged by the business community. Basant has nothing with religion. It is celebrated with seasonal change. Some religious groups are against it because of the immoral & un-ethical musical and dance shows during the festival. Some people use alcohol in public places and commit crime these should be stopped. Kite-flying with harmful wires should be banned as it takes lives as well as damages electricity lines etc. The events mainly benefits hotel, food, garments, transport, music, traitor industry and overall positively affect the market of Lahore. Government can provide better law & order situation too public and Lahore is feasible in security prospective for spring festival. Literature Review Of Basant or Spring Festival Basant is centuries old cultural festival of Punjab. It was started in 1300-1400 century. But in near past got controversial as the some religious groups called it sign of Hinduism and show zero tolerance over it. According to Dr.B.S. Nijjar’s book, â€Å"Punjab under the Later Mughals†. According to him, when Zakariya Khan (1707-1759) was the governor of Punjab, a Hindu of Sialkot, by the name of Hakeekat Rai Bakhmal Puri spoke words of disrespect for the Prophet Muhammad (saw) and his daughter Fatima (ra). He was arrested and sent to Lahore to await trial. The non-Muslim population was stirred to request Zakariya Khan to lift the death sentence given to Hakeekat Rai but he did not accede to their request. Eventually the death penalty was carried out and the entire non-Muslim population went into mourning. As a tribute to his memory, a prosperous Hindu, Kalu Ram initiated the Basant ‘mela’ in (Marrhi) Kot Khwaja Saeed (Khoje Shahi) in Lahore. (This place is now known as Baway di marrhi.) It is the last stop on the route of Wagon no.60 from Bhati Gate. Dr. B.S. Nijjar states on Page no. 279 of his book that the Basant ‘mela’ is celebrated in memory of Hakeekat Rai. Another myth about Basant is â€Å"It is said that Nizamuddin Auliya had no children. He had adopted his nephew who died at the age of 20. Amir Khusro tried to cheer the bereaved Nizamuddin, but in vain. One day while Amir Khusro was walking in the fields, he saw some young women dressed in yellow clothes and celebrating Basant. Khusro donned a yellow ghagra ad covered himself with a chunni and sang the qawwali — Sakal basant aayo ri. Seeing he dressed in yellow clothes, Nizamuddin became cheerful. † But majority of the society consider all the as myth and has opinion that It is a seasonal festival of indo-Pak and has no religious aspects. It is celebrated at spring on starting of winter on fourth or fifth day of lunar month (Magh). Yellow is mainly used for basant as its is narrated for wheat grow and mustard blossoms in the seasons. Yellow color is considered as the  color of Spring. Yellow outfits are worn in these days mostly. In pre-partition India Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs all celebrated Basant. Basant festivals held in all major cities of Punjab. Yellow clothes were worn; men wore yellow turbans and women yellow dupattas and saris. It was common to sway swings among Hindu, Muslim and Sikh women together and Basant’s traditional songs were sung that reflected the liveliness and romance of life in Punjab. Kite flying was common but on a small scale with decency. Kite flying is also part of the festival. Most of kite flyers are illiterate and labor class. They mostly use unethical ways for winning kites competition which leads to deaths of valuable lives. This factor decrease the color of this great festival from last 50 Years and the slogan is shouting. Celebrate Basant- but don’t snatch away lives. Gallup Pakistan Survey: Basant as Business activity Basant is high appreciated business activity as people from the whole country rush towards Lahore and hotel industry , food industry , music and other tourism industry boost up with the festival. It is highly encouraged by business community of Lahore. According to a survey 11% of the whole year business is three days of basant in Hotel and Food industry. Same effects brought on other industries. Research Back Ground In our country every business activity is banned due to some accident or religious pressure groups same controversy is with spring or Basant festival. I want to find out the financial benefits from this type of festival and the aim of pressure groups. As part of the academic requirement, in the Higher National Diploma program in IPS, Peshawar; for completing diploma of Business Studies the students are required to write a report for each one of their core units, this one being Research Project.  This subject gives us an opportunity to learn how we can write a detailed research report in a given word limit on a business organization. Our choice of Topic will be Basant Festival or Spring Festival Lahore. In the research we will address the questions 1. Effects of Spring Festival on Business Community of Lahore. 2. Finding financial beneficiary of Spring Festival Lahore. 3. Finding good and bad of Basant or Spring Festival. 4. Are Basant Festival suits our Law and Order situation? 5. Why our Religious activists are against the Festival? 6. How much basant Festival contributing to which industry and National Income. Data Collection Primary Data: For the purpose of collection of primary Data, Spring Festival was observed. Interviews were arranged with different community members and life class as well as with Business community of Lahore. Hotel Managers, Restaurant owners, Visitors were also interviewed. For the same purpose a Questionnaire were also made and distributed in different groups of community as well as to religious groups. Collect back and analyzed. Secondary Data: Secondary data collection were made trough news paper , magazine and mainly from internet sources , where we found that government banned kite flying not the Festival while Religious groups pretending it as Hinduism but Business community appreciate it. Research Methodology We have used different methodologies for our report taught in the course book. During This report, we used both the primary as well as the secondary data. Major sources are primary data and some of it is secondary date sources. Most of information will be through personal observations and interviews. Other information was gathered through mystery shopping during  the visit to the different Areas of Lahore During Spring Festival. Additional will be through questionnaires and surveys, brochures studies, telephonic interviews, newspaper, magazines and Internet sites search.. The major aim of this report was to study the about Festival as Business activity. Research techniques and Results Observation: A visit were made to Lahore during Basant Festival and observed the event 3 days. It was noticed that people of the country and business community Lahore really encourage the festival. But some citizen has the view that kite-flying should be minus from the festival as it take many lives every year and damage government property as people use harmful wires for kite-flying. Some religious groups are against it and want to ban dance parties and music shows in the festival. But large number of people supports it. Interviews: Interviews from different from different groups of community were made including government officials, Hotel Industry stakeholders, Food Industry Stake Holders, visitors and Religious groups. Interview questions were mainly same as questionnaire and including some general discussion. 150 people were taken interview including students, business man, government officials, religious activists and other community members. The questions & result of the interview was as below. Results and Graphical Representation of Interviews: Q.1: Are You in the favor of Basant or Spring Festival in Pakistan? Result: YES was the answer of 80% people and NO was the answer of 20% people. Graphical Representation: Q.2: Basant Festival has any relation with religion? Result: Yes was the answer of 20% people and No was the answer of 70% while 10% people said that they don’t know about the Issue. Graphical Representation: Q.3: Basant Festival Effects on Business Community of Lahore. Result: NAGATIVE was the answer of 8% while POSITIVE was the answer of 92%. Graphical Representation: Q.4: Is Basant Festival suits our Law and Order situation in Lahore? Result: YES was the answer of 60% people and NO was the answer of 30% while 10% people said that they don’t know. Graphical Representation: Q.5: Basant Festival Favor National Income? Result: 87% People answered as YES and 11% as NO while 2% has no comments. Graphical Representation: Q.6: Positives of Basant are more heavy than negative? Result: YES was the Answer of 78% People while NO was the answer 22% People during interviews. Graphical Representation: Q.7: Kite Flying Should is banned? Result: YES was the answer of 67% People while NO was the answer of 20% and 13% People has no comments on the question. Graphical Representation: Q.8: Basant Festival Should is kept Banned? Result: YES was the answer of 20% while 80% was NO. Graphical Representation: Questionnaire: Questionnaire was used to for distance stake holders. They people who were not easily reachable. Questionnaire was designed as requirement of project mentioned in the interviews section. Institute of Professional Studies Peshawar Questionnaire for Research of Basant or Spring Festival Name __________________Area ______________ Occupation __________________ Age__________________ Religion______________________ Mark ( ï  °) for your in box in front option. Q.1: Are You in the favor of Basant or Spring Festival in Pakistan. Yes No Q.2: Basant Festival has any relation with religion? Yes No Q.3: Basant Festival Effects on Business Community of Lahore. Negative Positive Q.4: Are Basant Festival suits our Law and Order situation? Yes No Q.5: Basant Festival Favor National Income? Yes No Q.6: Positives of Basant are more heavy than negative? Yes No Q.7 Kite Flying Should is banned? Yes No Q.8: Basant Festival Should is kept Banned? Yes No Results and Graphical Representation of Questionnaire: Result of Question Number 1: YES : 80% NO : 20% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 2: YES: 70% NO: 30% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 3: NEGATIVE: 8% POSSITIVE: 92% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 4: YES: 60% NO: 40% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 5: YES: 83% NO: 17% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 6: YES : 80% NO : 20% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 7: YES: 66% NO: 34% Graphical Representation: Result of Question Number 8: YES : 20% NO : 80% Graphical Representation: Internet Search: Internet Search was used as Secondary data findings. We found some writings on Basant and Spring Festival and analyzed accordingly. These writings has two stories about basant one supporting the festival as cultural festival and No relation with Hinduism while the other showing it has extreme hindu festival and against the religious values of Muslims.  While most of writings shows it a healthy financial activity with some bad strings attached with it as it make many damages to human lives , electricity lines etc in regard of kite-flying and moral & ethical values in Music and Dance parties. Findings Basant or Spring Festival is acceptable to majority with some changes. Law and Order situation is better in Lahore for Festival. Kite-Flying Should is kept banned. Religious groups are extreme against it and called it Hinduism. Government is ready to allow it in business aspect. Moral & Ethical Values should follow. Hotel and Food industry mainly is the beneficiary of the festival. Youngsters are the main supporters of the festival. Most of supporters are Muslim. It is given out put financial growth of the country. It’s an organized festival after Eid. Analysis After that data was organized and analyzed with different techniques of Data Analysis. Mainly the pie chart and Bar Chart method were used for Data Analysis. And result was produced for implementation. All the data formats and findings Shows that all stakeholders are in the favor of Basant or spring festival in Lahore as healthy business activity with some changes is the format of Festival. Mainly Hotel and food industry is beneficiary of the festival while Music, film and traitor industry also earning good from this festival. Garments and Fashion is industry is the indirect beneficiary of the event. Transporters, SME’s and general labor and working also get good benefits from the festival. Conclusion & Recommendations Basant or Spring Festival is healthy Business activity. Government should allow the Basant or Spring Festival as per demand of Business community and higher percentage of public. Kite-Flying should ban or allowed outside of walled city. Better security should be provided. Religious groups should convince and their guanine demands should be fulfilled. Harmful wire should completely ban from manufacturing. Un-ethical and Immoral acts should be discouraged. People from other parts of the country should be properly entertained to encourage the business. Proper promotion and Public Awareness campaign should be initiated to guide the people from stopping bad of Basant. Spring Festival and other Festival should be celebrated as it warm up different businesses.

Write about a contemporary song about small-town life and talk about Essay

Write about a contemporary song about small-town life and talk about it and relate it to Our town by Thornton Wilder - Essay Example In his song, Mellencamp brought forward a message that someone does not necessarily need to live in a city for him or her to experience a full life. According to him, living in the countryside was something of value that anyone should appreciate because that is where the family and close friends live (Mellencamp, 43-45). According to Franklin (254-255), the play ‘Our Town’ by Thornton Wilder is about the fictional American small town of Grocer’s Corner. The play explores the kind of lives for the people in small towns, where the normal life revolves around birth, marriage, and death. The theme in the play is quite similar to the lyrics of the song by Mellencamp as they both depict the graceful lives of people in the countryside. I agree with their views of small town life because it is our duty to maintain our originality and appreciate the simple and peaceful life in the countryside. It is something that those from the city should envy, as there is no anonymity in the countryside. Just as you know everyone, everyone knows you in the small town life. People should appreciate others and the little things they do as they are actually among the most important ones. The ‘Small Town’ song by Mellencamp, rhyme in terms of the subject matter with the play ‘Our Town’ by Thornton, as they both tell of the life experience in a small town setup. The play and the song give a positive outlook of a unique and admirable

Should Same-Sex Marriage be Legalized Worldwide Essay

Should Same-Sex Marriage be Legalized Worldwide - Essay Example Equality is fundamental and same sex marriages should also be constitutionally recognized. The definition of marriage should deviate from the ‘thicker’ religious perception to the ‘thin’ altered government definition to incorporate other marriages and enforce equality and respect for the rights of all people. The paper also argues that denying homosexuals rights to marriage is a denial of their rights in pursuit of happiness. Finally, it argues that though resistance could be high in other areas, the societies are slowly changing their perception and most nations have adopted or are in due process of recognizing same-sex marriages. Keywords: Homosexual, Same Sex Marriages, Straight Marriages, Heterosexual Marriages, Protections, Cultures, Beliefs, Equality, Pursuit of Happiness, Religion, Christian, Attitudes, Society, Rights, Government The issue of homosexuality has long history in the world. Its existence had always been suppressed by the social and political altitudes in the societies, which prevented the concerned parties from standing up for what they believed in. Allegedly, families have raised children and dictated what is needed of them. However, those who have demonstrated pure sexual attraction to people of the same gender have been condemned and are forced to change their preferences to suit others’ expectations. Some parents have gone far to reject their own children who choose to and uphold their position on same sex marriage. Cases of homosexuality can well be traced in the ancient times of Egyptians, Greeks and the Romans. Though not popular as in the contemporary world, the Christian dominated negative attitude of the same sex marriages has remained over time; the imposition of an Eskridge in the roman empire during the 4th century demonstrated the rising homosexual unions, which the empire w as

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Civil Rights - Essay Example During the 1950’s racism was and had been fervent and widespread throughout the South. Laws that required racially segregated seating on city busses were enacted due to solely to racial prejudice. Most city bus lines in the South were operated by private companies at that time and the owners of these transport systems had no financial motive to require segregation. The bus line owners and drivers may have been racists themselves but their business was dependent on passengers and they would lose money by alienating black patrons, a major segment of their customer base. The government, today generally regarded as a body that resolves social inequalities, created this discriminatory practice to begin with. Politics initiated legal racial segregation. The social forces that motivate political practices are vastly different from motives that steer economic practices. Jim Crow laws were designed to, among other oppressive tactics; disenfranchise black voters to ensure only white per sons opinions counted in the political process. A preponderance of racially biased whites was not required to legally mandate segregation of the races. Even if only a minority of white voters desired segregation while those opposed or ambivalent didn’t voice their opinion on the matter, which was more often than not the case, this was sufficient political power because the opinion of black voters were of no consequence because they had effectively lost their ability to vote. The political motivations were in conflict with economic interests. Owners of private transportation companies in the South lobbied in resistance during the formation of racially biased Jim Crow laws, made numerous court challenges after theses laws were passed and developed delaying tactics while trying to disregard enforcing segregation laws for several years. Bus drivers were routinely arrested for not enforcing these laws and the president of at least one streetcar company was threatened with jail tim e if he persisted in not following the law. However, transit company owners were not motivated because they were forward-thinking advocates of civil rights. This resistance â€Å"was based on a fear of losing money if racial segregation caused black customers to use public transportation less often than they would have in the absence of this affront† (Sowell, 2005). During the Jim Crow era, segregation of the races was hardly limited to areas of transportation. Hospitals in Alabama, whether private or public, could not force a white nurse to provide care for black patients. In Mississippi, freedom of the press was compromised by a law stating, â€Å"Any person who shall be guilty of printing, publishing or circulating printed, typewritten or written matter urging or presenting for public acceptance or general information, arguments or suggestions in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine n ot exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both† (Cozzens, 1998). The question of segregation became an openly debated issue during the Second World War. The country claiming to be the symbol of freedom, an example for the world to follow, sent its soldiers to fight and die in a noble cause to make others safe from oppression and to promote

The importance of the Roles Played by the Stock Market Assignment

The importance of the Roles Played by the Stock Market - Assignment Example The stock market has so many roles that it plays and the various roles are of utmost importance as a primary market  and as a secondary market  in the development of the economy. There are quite a number of the most stable, mature, and well performing stock markets around the world, for instance, London, Hong Kong and New York(Van Antwerp,W,1975)   The roles that the stock markets perform are very central to the development of any economy. By virtue of the primary markets being involved with new securities, this is where an investor interested in initial public offerings of any public company and also government bonds can easily go find them. In such a market, securities are sold to investors directly from the selling company itself. This makes trading at the stock market faster and easier. In the London stock exchange for instance ,one of the most common traded securities are the municipal bonds, this basically entails the direct purchasing of debenture from the concerned auth orities, for instance, the municipality. The London stock exchange put a lot of premium on these primary markets because to them, these markets are very important not just in strengthening the economy but also in as far as capital markets are concerned. The recent world financial crisis had, indeed, a great negative impact to the performance of the stock markets world over. The stock exchanges, for instance, does provide facilities related to issuance or redemption of securities and many other like capital events, income payment and  dividends. Securities that are traded on any given stock exchange may include  shares  that are provided by the unit trusts, companies,  derivatives as well as investment products such as bonds(Giddy,1994) Stock exchange is, in most cases considered to be the most necessary component of any  stock market. The stock market’s demand and supply is normally driven by so many factors which, in virtually all the fee markets, affect stocksâ₠¬â„¢ price. In any country the financial system tends to fund other areas from the haves and their surplus funds to the ones with a shortage in funds, by direct market financing or indirect bank finance. A country’s financial system and markets matters a lot in as far as the economic growth is concerned. The stock market plays a very big role in ensuring that the economy grows steadily. As much as some economists do not believe in the argument that the finance-growth kind of relationship between how well or bad the stock market is doing to the economic development.The economic development that is seen in any place always creates demands for certain types of financial arrangements, and financial system always tend to automatically respond to such demands. The stock market has natural mechanisms that help in addressing the issue of ensuring that a nation or a city has achieved what is considered to be the optimal financial system outlook. Overall, the stock market stabilizes th e financial system, together with other well-developed systems for instance a good legal system, and this is normally done by incorporating elements or aspects of direct market based finance and indirect banking based finance. A stable and well developed stock market ensures that that there is a stable and strong financial system in place

Response to Classmates Week 11 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to Classmates Week 11 - Coursework Example When workers determine the significance of the others, they will work as a team to improve patient care. The Head Nurse may be helped by other parties who are neutral to this case so that the nurses and their assistants may pay attention to the training. This is because if Michelle clarifies the issue alone, some of the workers may fail to listen to her because she is one of their own (Xerri, 2013). As Brenda states, the supervisor may help by giving all the employees the workplace code of conduct. However, the supervisor should do this after investigating the case and understanding the root cause of the hostility. This is because if the supervisor highlights only the code of conduct, the problems among the workers may remain unsolved and this will worsen the case (Woska, 2013). Therefore, I suppose that after investigating the cause of the hostility, the supervisor should work with Michelle to solve the case and remind the employees of the healthcare rules by providing them with the code of conduct. I do not agree with James’s idea that the head nurse should document the wrongdoings of the employees because this may create the feeling of job insecurity among the workers. This is because employees may think that they records of their wrongdoings may cost their job in future and they may become nervous. Documenting the mistakes of the workers may also waste the time that Michelle would use to solve the problem (Valsecchi, Wise, Mueller, & Smith, 2012). The documentation is also unethical because the information may trickle to other parties who may use it to threaten the workers in future. I concur with James that teamwork and partnering may improve the workers relations and the quality of services that patients receive. This is because these strategies may increase the employees’ understanding of one another. Shearer and Maes (2014) argue that the understanding

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release Essay - 2

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release - Essay Example As the whole event unfolded, the company took the action of keeping the families, friends, and the employees informed about the condition of the victims, at one point a video was played showing their condition; they were able to sing the national anthem. The constant communication relayed to the people was very important as it kept them with high hopes. The government presence also played a major role, as the workers were assured of government protection. Keywords: Audience, Communication, Mines, Report, Victims, Memo, Accident, Family, Friends, Employees, Protection, Expectation, Hope, Information Considerations to remember given different roles and the audiences According to Lundgren and McMakin (2013), one cannot communicate unless he or she knows the audience with whom to pass the message. It is a noble thing to know the audience to avoid limiting oneself to one form of communication. In this case of trapped miners, the audience comprise of the families, friends, workmates, and t he entire nation. All are very much depressed and hopeless; therefore, the information required is the one that will give them hope and expectation. They characteristics the information should have are highlighted as follows: The message delivered should carry a lot of hope and encouragement, and ensure the drafted information to be released should meet the people’s expectations, and to a larger extent, be persuasive and convincing. This will calm the people’s emotions. Communication given must outline the effort carried out to salvage the lives of the victims. It should also be timely; that is to say, the report should be released to the people early and updates given most frequently. This will enable the people to track the progress of the operation. The method of revealing information to the people should be carefully considered amongst the many forms like, face to face, written memos, emails, and press releases. The well chosen form should be the one that will reac h the targeted audience conveniently, in time, and provide a means of dialogue, if appropriate. For the case of San_Jos mines accident, psychologists had to review the video that was due to be revealed to the people. Potential need of the family members It should be noted that in such incidents, the families of the victims are the most traumatized audience, and at such moments, their great desire is to get the report concerning the well being of their loved ones. The first thing they would want to hear is that their loved ones are alive. According to the New York Times ( â€Å" Chile Mining Incident (2010),† 2011), during the rescue process, a modified telephone was provided to the trapped victims, they were thus able to sing their National anthem, and this caused a lot of jubilation amongst their relatives. This outlines that their key need is to know that they are alive. Another important requirement by the relatives is assurance in the rescue process; they would like the m atter be handled timely and their trapped relatives to come out alive. Potential needs of the employees The employees would like to know how the company has responded to the accident. They want their workmates be rescued, and they also want to know how the company is prepared to respond to such calamities, since they are much aware that they are in a similar risk. Additionally, their requirement is to see that the victims receive compensation from the company and that their job

See Attchments, prefer topics on Confucianism or Daoism Essay

See Attchments, prefer topics on Confucianism or Daoism - Essay Example However, it is important to mention that Daoism teachings were incorporated in various ancient and modern learning institutions. The ethical implications from Daoism lessons varied, depending on the nature of the learning institution but the basics behind the teachings were to ensure some sort of actions with regard to naturalness, simplicity and being spontaneous among other elements. One was expected to demonstrate good understanding of compassion, moderation as well humility. The training was meant to produce useful societal members who lived in harmony and respected one another in the society. Militants were also to incorporate such principles with their interactions with the civilians. Daoism was also meant to appreciate every society member and improve self-esteem. Daoism was a basic course or training that each society member should have despite the modern education. Daoism believes in physical exercises as a way of connecting to the Supreme Being. Believers are required to of fer their rituals and engage in physical exercises which eventually lift their souls and connect them with the Supreme Being. Physical trainings would also improve human beings’ health and increase their life span, hence immortality. The religion had a special formula of being immortal. The religious leaders would lead their subjects to exercise sessions; however, one was to undergo some social and psychological teachings before joining the exercise sessions. Daoism valued ethics, harmony and respect among other societal elements in the society. It was believed that other practices and rituals would only yield once one appreciated the essence of harmony in the society. Physical exercises were also meant to reduce the levels of social and psychological stress and depressions. The exercise involved controlled breathing and limb movements in a certain pattern. One would leave the training rooms stress free and motivated. Family members would always gather and go through the exer cise once or twice before the day ends. The exercise would also improve blood or circulatory system among the believers. There is no single report that records the difference brought by exercise among the believers but , it is a super nature concept that good exercise would always improve individual health. Historians believe the religion was founded by Laozi, whose believe was based on some five basic societal facts. Yin and Yang imply the positive and negative nature of human. It is represented by black and white. Black implies the entire negative societal of human aspects while white implies the positive issues in the society. Nature and ethics are another great consideration with the Daoism believers. Ethics is to ensure harmony and good relationships between the believers and the society at large. The religion requires its members to remain humble and respect every mankind. The element of nature applies to the fact that it requires all its members to respect nature, more so the ling organisms. Daoism does not encourage the killing of animals, domestic animals included. Daoism priests taught on the importance of being vegetarian as a way of conserving nature. The members would be taught how to attach their feelings and breathing pattern with those of the wild animals and create harmony. Since its introduction, Daoism has great influence on the ancient and modern Chinese culture. It became more famous after the literature of Laozi as well as Zhuangzi and some of the teachings were published in the famous

Strategic human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic human resource management - Essay Example The business organisation tends to exits in a competitive environment and often faces issues like scare resources which needs to be managed effectively and thus gives the organization a competitive advantage. Thus applying the definition of strategic human resources, it can be said that it is a long term focus, provides a linkage in between the human resources and strategy process, enhances effective performance and finally foster excellence corporate skills (Deb, 2006, p. 45-48). The main purpose of HR strategies is to articulate the intention of organisation related policies and practises and as per the dictum of Fomburn (1984) the business and the manager needs to perform well in the current environment in order to succeed in the future business environment. Strategic human resource management has various sectors such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management and others. However this paper will talk widely about performance management and perfo rmance related pay (PRP). ... Reward is a key practise in the framework of performance management strategy. Reward systems are of two types, one is monetary component of reward management which tends to fulfil the needs of employees such as hygiene factors, security and physiological needs and second factor is recognition and job satisfaction (Kandula, 2006, p. 59). The logic behind implementing the performance pay by organisation is as follows, PRP focuses on the effort where the organisation actually requires it PRP supports the culture of performance oriented The PRP scheme emphasis the performance of individual PRP aims to strengthen the process of performance planning PRP rewards the right employee and hence motivates to work more (Salaman, Storey & Billsberry, 2005, p.178). Therefore PRP is an essential and important tool use by organisation to enhance the performance of both the employees and the organisation as a whole. The next section deals entirely with performance related pay and aim to answer to the proposition whether the disadvantage of performance related pay outshines the advantage of PRP schemes. Performance-related pay systems The various forms of paid employment which also includes remuneration on base pay tend to have performance expectation or standard attached to it. According to Behrend, every form of employment which is paid involves effort bargain and also pay bargain. Performance standards are highly implicit and thus are open to contestation and misunderstanding of psychological contract. Strategic decisions which take place at the board level encompass performance related pay mainly for senior managers and directors. The PRP is often regarded as motivational tool for the top level management to achieve the target which

The Qur’an and Islamic Law Do Not Discriminate Against Women Essay Example for Free

The Qur’an and Islamic Law Do Not Discriminate Against Women Essay Treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. From the last sermon of Prophet Mohammed The perception of most of the world, except possible the one-sixth of it that follows Islam, is that Islam and Qur’an preached that women must be subservient to men. Everyone turns to a verse in the Qur’an which tells men that they should beat their wives. Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in their sleeping places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great. (Shakirs version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34) The verse is used by opponents of Islam to denigrate the faith and even by some of the practitioners of the faith to justify their mistreatment of women, but it may not be being interpreted the way that it should be. Asma Barlas, a professor at Ithaca College and noted scholar of Islam, who identifies herself as a follower of Islam, contends that the interpretation of the verse has been taken out of context and used to portray women in Islam as victims in an attempt to force women of the faith into a position of needing rescuing. That positioning gives women in the Western world a feeling of superiority (Barlas, Southern Illinois University, 2007). The Qur’an instructs people to take God’s Holy Word, The Qur’an, as a whole, she said, and not to pick and choose the verses to follow or not to follow Barlas argues that the Qur’an does not promote the degradation of women. Instead, she said, the Qur’an promotes all humankind equally and is much less mysogonistic than the Bible, the Holy Word of the Christian faith. In her speech at Southern Illinois University, Barlas asserted that she did not speak for anyone other than herself, but her views are shared by many women in Islam. They believe that it is in historic documents used by some Muslim cultures that the Qur’an has been misinterpreted and the mistreatment of women began. â€Å"Again this is not true. Many writers who wrote about womens rights refer to the statement in 4:34 as a sign of the man is above the women in status but it is a misunderstood statement. In 4:34, the expression .. al-rijalu qawwdmuna ala al-nisai. means The men are made responsible for the women, and GOD has endowed them with certain qualities, and made them the bread earners. This expression simply means that God is appointing the husband as captain of the ship. Marriage is like a ship, and the captain runs it after due consultation with his officers. It does not assign inequality but rather assigns duties to avoid conflicts and disputes. (â€Å"Misconceptions in Islam†) The problem is that most people don’t take the time to read the original Arabic or even attempt to find an accurate interpretation of the texts, they simply believe what they are told about what the faith believes. This is part of the problem. â€Å"Nonetheless, if we take sexual/textual oppression seriously, and I believe we must, the issue of how Muslims read, or—as I will arguefail to read, the Quran becomes critical, especially for women. † (Barlas, â€Å"Muslim Women Sexual Oppression†) Unlike Christianity which prescribed women to an inferior status by saying that woman was made from the rib of man, (Ragab 1) Islam teaches that God the creator made them as halves of each other. Neither does Islam teach that man was made in God’s image as the Bible does, (Barlas, SIU) but instead teaches that the difference between God and man is so extreme that people can never understand the nature of God. This is one of the arguments that woman supporters of Islam use to argue that Islam is not nearly as mysogonistic as Christiantiy is. Instead, Barlas and others argue that Islam faith promotes equality between the sexes, even going so far as to outline specific rights of women. For example, unlike Christian women, Islamic women are given a specific right to divorce their husbands and allowed to remarry after a three month period. (Ragab 1). â€Å"Both men and women have equal rights to contract a marriage as well as to dissolve it. The precondition of marriage is merely the mutual agreement by both parties. And unlike Christianity, a woman in Islam can divorce her husband at any time if she feels that she has been dealt with unjustly or even if she is just unhappy with her spouse since marriage is based upon mutual responsibilities toward each other. Islam has also ensured the womans right to remarry pending a three month refrainment period. † (Ragab 1) Islam also promotes the equality of women in that it explitly allows them to work outside the home. Muslim countries have even elected women as prime ministers. Some people even argue that the mistreatment of women in the faith comes not from the religion but from many of the colonial overlords that once ruled countries now considered Muslim. â€Å"Much of the civil law that legislates personal and family matters in Egypt, for example, is directly based on old French law. As a result, an Egyptian man can divorce his wife much more easily than the reverse. Consequently, women often have to suffer long and expensive court procedures and have to prove that they were mistreated by their husbands before being granted a divorce. Often times, laws in Middle Eastern countries, which are legislated and enforced by men, only take bits and pieces of Islamic law and combine them with concocted rules based upon some cultural or foreign practices. † (Ragab 1) Other practices, such as the prohibition against women driving in some Muslim countries, has nothing to do with Islam (â€Å"Misconceptions of Islam†) â€Å"Why then is Islam portrayed as a religion that oppresses women and puts them in a position inferior to men? Part of that is certainly due to the stereotyped image of how Islamic women are portrayed in western media as an extension of Islam-bashing. A prominent example is the movie Not Without My Daughter in which scores of false and fictitious depictions were made of women in an Islamic country. It is also true, however, that in many so called Islamic countries, women are not treated according to their God-given rights. But this is not the fault of Islamic ideology but rather the misapplication or sometimes the outright denial of the ideology in these societies. â€Å" (Ragab 1) The misconceptions of the treatment of women in Islam are a factor of the historical writing in some sects and the way that Muslim countries have misinterpted the Qur’an (Baslas, SIU). For example, Sunna and Hadith writings claim that women must wear a veil but this is not in Qur’an. â€Å"These books do not represent the words of God in the Quran and on many occasions contradict them. † (â€Å"Misconceptions of Islam†) But too much of the world has accepted these teachings of the expression of Muslim nations as the absolute truth of Islam. â€Å"This misconception was augmented by some news media that made little effort to correct their understanding before broadcasting their views on this matter. Adding to this misconception are the regrettable practices in most so called Islamic countries or societies where myths, traditions and innovations have won over the true Islamic (Quranic) teachings and where women are traditionally subdued and oppressed. † (â€Å"Misconceptions of Islam†).

Effects of Zinc Deficiency

Effects of Zinc Deficiency INTRODUCTION Zinc is a trace mineral that plays an indispensable role for human health because of its critical structure in multiple enzymes that are involved in gene expression, cell development and replication (International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group [IZiNCG], 2007). Aside from its unique and extensive role in biological processes, zinc is essential for physiological processes including growth and development, and brain and immune function (Ackland and Michalczyk, 2006). More than 85% of total body zinc is found in skeletal muscle and bone (National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2006) as well as in the brain that plays a central role in the production of enzymes essential for RNA and DNA synthesis (Black, 1998). Zinc deficiency affects, on average, one-third of the world’s population ranging from 4 to 73% in different countries (Hotz and Brown, 2004). It has been estimated that zinc deficiency is responsible for deaths of nearly 450,000 children under age 5 years old annually (Black et al, 2008). Similarly, zinc deficiency is accounted for 16% lower respiratory tract infections, 18% of malaria and 10% of diarrheal disease and more than 28 million aggregates to loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In total, 1.4% (0.8 million) of deaths worldwide were attributable to zinc deficiency: 1.4% in males and 1.5% in females (WHO, 2012). Zinc deficiency is defined by short stature, hypogonadism, impaired immune function, skin disorders, cognitive dysfunction and anorexia (Prasad, 1991). Zinc deficiency is uncommon but a widespread problem across the globe (Ackland and Michalczyk, 2006). It has far-reaching consequences, playing a contributory role to stunted growth in children (Brown et al., 2001) and causing abnormal cerebellar function and damage of behavioural and emotional responses (Henkin, 1975) in addition to morbidity from diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria (Shankar, 2000). Therefore, zinc deficiency compromises the development of children worldwide and is a veritable public health concern (Gibson, 2005). Background of the Study Micronutrients have been scientifically and technically discovered to improve the overall well-being of an individual and that deficiencies can cause a range of health and developmental problem. Zinc is one of the micronutrients that promote immunity, resistance to infection as well as growth and development of the nervous system. Zinc deficiency can lead to more frequent infections, reduce children’s ability to fight and survive disease, and impair mental capacity. These risks remain serious as children grow and develop because they cannot learn as well, and lose school days due to illness. Later in adulthood, it negatively affects physical energy and, therefore, productivity. Reduced intellectual capacity undermines investments in education and perpetuates cycles of poverty, which is a significant barrier to achieve economic growth and improved standards of living. In addition, intellectual ability is affected by iron which affects work capacity, physical and cognitive performance (Global Report, 2009). Zinc has the primary focus of scientific investigations related to linear growth which is intimately connected to nutrition. As a manifestation of chronic undernutrition, stunting has been linked to multiple adverse health outcomes that extend beyond childhood into adult life (Souganidis, 2012). Recent evidences also suggest that zinc deficiency may be associated with deficits in activity, attention, and motor development that commonly occur in nutritionally deficient children (Souganidis, 2012) because it contributes to the structure and function of the brain (Black, 1998). According to the World Bank (2012), the Philippines ranks 48th out of 136 countries in terms of the prevalence of stunting and 32% of Filipinos are at risk for insufficient zinc intake. Generally, zinc status is of high magnitude (>20%) among infants and preschool children (6 months to 5 years), female adolescents (13 to 19 years), older persons (20 to Statement of the Problem Zinc deficiency has been a major micronutrient problem in the Philippines. It has been associated with linear growth and cognitive development. Zinc has also been related to iron due to their inhibitory factor with one another. The effect of zinc on physical growth occurs during the first 2 years of life with association to high rates of infection, inadequate nutrition and cognitive deficits. The following questions were highlighted in the study to examine the association of zinc status to nutritional status, iron status and cognitive development as well as possible risk factors of zinc deficiency in 2 to 3 year old children in Laguna, Philippines. What are the socio-economic and demographic characteristics, water and sanitation practices, health services, child care and feeding practices of mothers? What are the food intake and nutrient adequacy of children? What is the nutritional status, zinc status and iron status of children? What is the level of cognitive development of children? What is the degree of association between zinc status and the following variables: water and sanitation practices, and health services; child care and feeding practices, and food intake; nutritional status; iron status; and cognitive development? Hypothesis of the Study The following were the research hypothesis that guided the study: Water and sanitation practices are associated with nutritional status. Health services are associated with nutritional status. Infection is associated with nutritional status and cognitive development. Food intake is associated with nutritional status and cognitive development. Weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height are associated with zinc status, iron status and cognitive development. Zinc status is associated with iron status and cognitive development Iron status is associated with cognitive development. Objectives of the Study Generally, this study aimed to determine the Zinc status and its relationship to physical growth and cognitive development of 2 to 3 year old children in Laguna, Philippines. It specifically sought to: describe the socio-economic and demographic characteristics; water and sanitation practices; health services; and child care and feeding practices of mothers; evaluate the food intake and nutrient adequacy; assess the nutritional status, zinc status and iron status; determine the level of cognitive development; and examine the association of zinc status with each of the following variables: water and sanitation practices; health services; child care and feeding practices, and food intake; nutritional status; iron status; and cognitive development. Significance of the Study The province of Laguna has been consistent in the implementation of nutrition programs. The nutrition sector has been conducting nutritional assessment to address the magnitude and severity of malnutrition particularly, of under and overnutrition in the province. However, zinc deficiency, as one of the public health concerns, and its multifactorial causes have not yet been given attention. With limited researches, the assessment of zinc status provided a deep understanding of the consequences of stunting and iron status as well as its contributory effect to cognitive development of 2 to 3 year old children. The results of the study shall provide local government units, program planners and policy makers with significant inputs for relevant programs; suggested and recommended effective nutrition strategies to local nutrition and health workers; and imparted to nutrition and nutrition-related professionals knowledge and awareness on micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of zinc. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study focused on the assessment of physical growth, zinc status, iron status and cognitive development of 2 to 3 year old children in the province of Laguna. Factors affecting child nutritional status included were to socio-economic and demographic characteristics, health, water and sanitation practices, child care and feeding practices and dietary intake. Contributory factor to nutritional status such as infection was also included. The criteria in selecting the study area and the profile of the province were limited to the availability of secondary data. The sample size was based from the 2013 Operation Timbang (OPT) list which may not include all children with ages 24 to 35 months old. Data on child morbidity was limited to personal interview of mother-respondents. Likewise, dietary assessment was limited to a non-consecutive 2-day food recall which may not indicate foods that are highly seasonal. Determination of cognitive development was also limited to the adapted items of the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) program, Metro Manila Developmental Screening Test (MMDST), and Child Development Index (CDI). The sample size may not be able to reflect the entire population of 2 to 3 year old Filipino children. However, the sample size was sufficient to test the statistical significance of the study. The conclusions were made from the results of the study. Hence, it was limited to the conditions inherent to the selected children.

The Definitions of Community Development

The Definitions of Community Development This study is focused on community development work. It identifies the definitions of community as an initiative to the study and gradually expands the study to a broader extent of the field of community development. It analyses the strengths and problems in communities and then the consideration was given to identify how to develop marginalization Social exclusion. After expanding the study in above area it is analyzed the knowledge skills requirements in Community Development for a community worker under that several important areas has been discussed. Facilitation of Community Development worker in community initiatives is the next section described in this study accordingly it was separately discussed contribution made by community development worker, role of community development worker in empowering community, importance of Knowledge skills of the community to sustain and the methods of devolving responsibility for sustaining a project The impact of project work on communities has been discussed under the next section of this study accordingly under that area the potential long term short term effect of projects of projects on communities, Potential barriers for successful community development activities and the ways of overcoming barriers to community development has been described. As a whole when it comes to the whole study area it can be explained that this study covers a vital area of the subject area and it expands the knowledge and skills of a student to discover his or her potential to in the field of studies. The each and every section of the study provides the opportunity to identify and analyze different areas under the field of study in a broader context. Rather than providing just theoretical knowledge to the student the structure of the study provides a very good framework to get a practical knowledge on the field of study. Examine Definitions of Community Community Development Definitions of Community Community Development Definitions onCommunity According to the studies and analysis of a team of research members of the department of Town Country Planning University of Moratuwa it is explained a community as a social group of any dimension whose members exist in a specific locality and share government, and mostly have a common cultural and historical heritage. Further they elaborate a community is a social, religious, occupational, or other group who are sharing most of common features or interests. According to the above definition it is informed that there are several social groups exists in the society and according to their social group people gather in a same locality and create a common culture among them, further according to that definition most of these social groups develop these communities in accordance with the religion, occupation or their social status or etc. As described by the www.ourcivilization.com it is explained that a community is set of people sharing a common perceptive who expose themselves by using the same language, manners, customs and law, which is known as their tradition. This definition is also provides a meaning as above which says a community is a group of people who are having same type of interest and living pattern. Another study on community explains a community as a social group of any magnitude whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. Accordingly when consider about all these definitions about community, a community can be defined as a gathering of set of people who is having same characteristics and behavior and living in a specific location which empowers their behavior pattern. Definitions on Community Development Community development can be explained as the process of serving a community strengthen the community and develop in order to achieve e its full potential. The facilitators on community development work in partnership with local people and organizations to meet identified needs. According to the study of Prof. W.G.Kularatne, Social science professor of University of Colombo, Sri Lanka describes Community Development means enhancing the quality of peoples lives and increasing their potential to shape their own futures through improving their access to opportunities to better themselves. As per the web site www.envision.ca/templates/profile.asp describes community development is not economic development economic development is only a part of it. Community development is the procedure or attempting of building communities on a local level with emphasis on building the economy, forming and strengthening social ties, and developing the non-profit sector. Strengths Problems in Communities Strengths of the Community When there is a community there is a feeling of belongingness among the members of the community, this creates many more potential for them to develop as a team. This feeling leads them to create their own values and identities. When there is a particular community is established an effective educational delivery system could be developed easily for the wellbeing of that community. When there is a community a core health system and a sanitary system can be easily developed for that community which will lead for the well-being of them. When there are established religious communities it is easy to undertake their religious activities without interruptions. A community develops a better culture and it creates a better living standard for that community. Problems in Communities There are several problems associated with communities. Communities creates gangs, this means when people are living for a long time in a particular one community it creates the we feeling among them, this we feeling is really good for a society but in most cases this we feeling in communities has become dangerous because when they form together they are tend to do illegal things. Formulation of communities can be dangerous when they are formed with the intention of very stick rules and regulations. For an example when there are people formed merely on the basis of religions sometimes it can be harmful for the other communities. Communities are viable for fights. Even the members in the particular community living with common interest still there is a strong possibility Marginalization Social exclusion Marginalization and social exclusion can be developed due to several reasons. One of the main reasons is the income of the people, income acts as a main reason for peoples marginalization and exclusion when people do not have enough money for their social living they hide out from the society. The education level is also a critical factor for social marginalization, when people have low education they are living only in a particular social level as a result certain group of people marginalizes in the society. The religious and cultural believes is also a reason for social marginalization. Due to some cultural believes and as well the religious believes people live away from the society. Knowledge Skills Requirements in Community Development Knowledge Skills Requirements in Community Development Community Development Initiative Community Development Initiative (CDI) provides a diversity of training and learning opportunities for communities. It is initiated with the development of social work. Under community development initiatives it identifies the various people in various level and identify their requirements and provide and implement programs for their wellbeing. Process Involved in Harness Community Action There are several ways involved in harness community action but this method is mostly used in community action projects and plans and even in Belfordshire Universal health care home which is well known in Bedfordshire is also using the following methods in their community development initiatives. Step One Start with Where You Are If we need to harness the best out of community action the first thing we have to do is educate ourselves. It means the conducting person or the decision making team should understand the method and the benefits of community action. Otherwise this will be a total misconduct. As we know anything will be success if only the leader is a effective person. Otherwise other subordinates cannot implement the project effectively. Accordingly the team or the person who is going to undertake the community action plan should get educated himself. He or she can refer relevant books and articles that speak to the importance and benefits of community action plan and also refer project related Web site for annotated bibliographies of research, articles, news and other resources. And also another best method is get people talking Have conversations with your own personal networks. Share Last Child in the Woods. Find out who else might be interested, because the practical experience is more important than reading. Your research and analysis will identify a wide variety of characteristics within the community, contributing to the value of the discussion, the richness of the vision, and the resources available. The participant analysis looks for perspectives based on such elements as specific interests, location in the region, their connection to education or nature, occupation, gender, age, economics, and religious practice. From this you will get yourself familiar with the project. Step Two Create Connection This means get connect with the community knowledge base about what is happening in your community and who might have a natural affinity for this issue. As you conduct these interviews, natural champions will emerge with the passion for the issue and skill place you need. Some or all of these champions will become your small group of community leaders who will perform the functions of the Initiating Committee (IC). Be sure to follow up this initial interview with appropriate communications-a summary of your interview and meeting notes, thank you e-mails, notes or calls. Step Three- Create Initiating Committee The Initiating Committee (IC) is consisting of five to fifteen community leaders. These leaders are selected from researching and interviewing the relevant members of selected community who appeared during your mapping process. Members of the IC should reproduce the variety of the community and present credibility to the process by their involvement. Their primary responsibility is organizational development. This small operational group will focus on several distinct and important tasks such as defining the capacity of the project, humanizing the process, identifying a diverse group of stakeholders to come together to work or make groups for implementation of the results, beginning essential and useful research, and providing the structure to support the work that follows. Step Four Identifying and Recruiting the Stakeholder Group Stakeholder group is the group who is doing the planning consisting with stakeholder group of 40 to 70 people who reflect the diversity of the community. A systematic analysis of the comfort and perspective that exist within the community will be created. They will contribute to discuss about the richness of the vision, and the resources for implementation of the strategies. The participant analysis should be based on such elements as specific interests, location in the region, occupation, gender, age, economic condition, religious practice, and any other descriptive elements identified by the IC. Step Five Kick-Off Event This means a kind of a large scale public awareness even and it can be a awareness by walking. At minimum, it should involve the stakeholders identified by the IC. Participants should be formally invited to the kick-off no later than 6 weeks prior to the event and ideally as many as 10 weeks in advance. The formal invitation should itself be a reflection of the unbiased variety you hope to achieve at the event and should be issued from the leaders of at least two or three partnering organizations. The Stakeholder Group begins its work with a kick-off event. The kick off serves to inspire the participants, create an understanding about the initiative and provide an opportunity for the stakeholders to get to know one another and begin the development of a high performance team. The kick-off event should be part social gathering, part pep rally, and part media event. Then after that get the ideas of the participants. Step Six Kick-off event and Afterwards This means stakeholders will develop strategies and products. This can be done as group works. Then they can come out with alternative ideas. Step Seven Community Outreach Throughout the planning phase of the process, you will want to conduct a number of outreach activities to support the effort. It is critical to make sure that there is widespread public awareness of the work to make the project that anyone who is interested can have input into the plan through the Stakeholder Group. The outreach strategy should encourage a two-way dialogue between stakeholders in their planning work and the community as a whole. Step Eight Implementation This may include Managing the ongoing implementation process. Serve as a central clearinghouse and resource to the task groups. Monitor and support individual activities and projects. Help to make resources for individual activities and projects. Provide course to the in general initiative Coordinator. Step Nine Monitoring, assessment and refinement mechanisms This step is enormously important to maintain the interest and involvement of as many of the stakeholders and the strategic planning process participants as probable while continuing to recruit new help. Motivation for progressing participation often arises from the ownership the participants experience for the plan they have created and the wish to see their information get hold. Early success during the implementation stage allows this. Facilitation of Community Development worker in community initiatives Contribution Role made by community development worker The community development officer has to play a vital role in community development. It is not wrong if we say that successfulness of community development totally depends on the contribution of the community development officer. Community development officer works in different aspects to ensure the successfulness of community development programs. Under community development the community development officer has to contribute as a good negotiator to the society because in community development activities different type of people are met and they acts differently therefore a community development officer has to act as a good negotiator when deal with different type of people that contribution of a community development officer is essential for the successful community development. The Community development officer should work as a interpreter to ensure his successful contribution. When work with different communities there education and level of understanding is different, therefore the community development officer should be interpret and describe properly for the community. Another important contribution of a community development officer is a community development officer should work as a role model; otherwise the community development activity does not become successful. Most of the people in the community look and tries to imitate the community development officer as their role model, therefore every community development officer should, contribute to its development by being a role model. As a whole to ensure the successfulness of community development programs the community development officer should contribute by doing his duty not as a job but as a social service, that is the main contribution expected from a community development officer. Importance of Knowledge skills of the community to sustain In community development the knowledge and skills of the community is highly importance in order to ensure the successfulness of the program. In one hand their skills is useful because it helps for the community development officer to absorb the initiatives done in the program. It is not successful to implement program for a people who are totally unskilled and not willing for change and development. On the other hand the knowledge of the community becomes helpful because when they are in knowledge they provide more participation for the initiative. The participation of the community is highly required for the successfulness of the community development programs. Anyhow it can be defined that to make sure the programs are successful it is required to have at least a minimum level of knowledge and skill for the community. Methods of devolving responsibility for sustaining a project Partial responsibility should be given to the community in order to ensure successfulness of community development programs otherwise the development initiative become only a one-way program which doesnt successful at all. Accordingly there are several methods where we can distribute the responsibility for the community. Accordingly one of the successful methods is taking the ideas of the community in each and every part of the project. In that some key persons from the community is selected and then let them to work with the community development officers to deliver the responsibility to the community. This is very effective because this method allows people to work with the officers and accordingly the community becomes the real participants of the program. One of the other methods is providing monitoring for the community. In this method the monitoring part of the program is delivered to the community, then the community ensures to unstopped implementation of the program which is also highly effective. Impact of Project work on communities Potential long term short term effect of projects on communities There are several long term and short term potential effects on projects. Accordingly in short term people get aware about the development initiatives and tend to work with that basically in long term the project outcomes works out an gradually it becomes a tradition of the community. Normally in most community development projects in short term there may be different unusual behaviors seen from the society this means let say a community who lived in a shanty houses very transformed to a housing apartment, as a result of that immediate transformation of the living environment, it affects totally on the lives of them. Sometimes in short term they may behavior very unusually sometimes they may be doing different unacceptable activities. In short term all this happen because human being take some time to admire to a change. But in long term people accepts the change. Potential barriers for successful community development activities Ways of overcoming barriers to community development In community development there may be several barriers, one of the main reason is un-willingness of community to accept the initiative. Due to un education or any other reason in most times at first the communities rejects the change, so to avoid that the best thing we can do is give proper awareness about the initiatives that we have planned out. Another potential barrier is the influence of few powerful groups of people. This means in most cases when majority accepts the program only few people who are very powerful in the community influences and break the initiative, only thing we can do is give proper awareness to the majority. Conclusion This study covers a wide area on community development. Accordingly the study firstly assessed the definitions on community and community development which provided a broader area of knowledge on its definitions. After working on that the next study was o identifying strengths and as well the problems in the communities, accordingly it was found that there are huge potentials in a community and as well several problems when gather as a community. After that it was identified the reasons for the social marginalization. In the next section it was studied community actions as a sequential process. After that the consideration has been given to studying on facilitation of Community Development worker in community initiatives under that it was deeply studied the Contribution role made by community development worker , Importance of Knowledge skills of the community to sustain and methods of devolving responsibility for sustaining a project. In the latter part of the study impact of Project work on communities has been described. As a whole this study provides a good knowledge in the community development while providing the opportunity to get more practical knowledge on the subject area.

Hamlets Insanity :: essays research papers

The Darkness of Insanity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insanity is an ever growing black hole which envelopes the pitiful mind of the its victim. The mental condition of Hamlet has been well debated throughout the years even though in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet does admit that his madness is an elaborate scheme. Many see this fact as a way to discredit the idea of Hamlet’s insanity but one should also take into consideration the amount of proven psychopaths who constantly admit to their sanity. Through his actions and emotions prevalent through the play, Hamlet does indeed prove his insanity despite his denial of it. It is quite obvious that Hamlet possesses a troubled mind resulting from a gross state of melancholy, which later leads to him becoming disillusioned. Another fact to strengthen the idea of his insanity is his treatment of his beloved girlfriend, Ophelia and his loving mother, Gertrude. One might find it difficult to ponder the thought of any sane person denouncing their love for their lover without showing the slightest hint of sadness. However, Hamlet does perform this wicked deed. The protagonist’s mind is also filled with enough incestuous thoughts of his very own mother to disturb the audience. The most troubling and powerful piece of evidence to prove his insanity is that he does not feel the slightest twinge of guilt nor the smallest sliver of remorse after he murders three innocent bystanders in cold blood. The human conscience is what separates humans from animals because human’s have the ability to question evil deeds such as murder yet Hamlet’s conscience remains untouched after the murders of three people. The lack of guilt should be proof enough that Hamlet’s mind is convoluted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the play Hamlet continuously shows characteristics that are closely related to madness. One of the more prominently shown characteristic is depression, which is also known to psychiatrists as the gateway to insanity. The depression caused by the murder of his father runs rampant during the course of the play and helps to led him down to his ultimate path of ruin. Hamlet’s depression is so powerful and visible that it begins to disturb his mother: “Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted colour off, And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark Do not for ever with thy vailed lids Seek for thy noble father in the dust. Thou know’st ‘tis common – all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity.'; (Shakespeare 1.

The Problems of Illegal Immigration :: Cons of Illegal Immigration, Immigrants

Abstract Engraved in the Statue of Liberty are these words: â€Å"Give me your tired, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore, send these, the homeless, tempest tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door†(Cooper). When the United States was created, it encouraged people of all backgrounds to immigrate. America is known as â€Å"a land of hope and opportunity†. Today, immigrating legally to the United States is a life experience that few are fortunate to experience. Many are forced to immigrate illegally. The United States has created many precautions to stop people from immigrating to the United States, but thousands of people still continue to move to the US illegally. As a result, millions of dollars are spent from tax payers’ money on illegal immigrants. While illegal immigration is beneficial to the United States, it comes with costs and therefore has become an issue that has grown out of control. The amount of illegal residents that now reside in the United States has grown rapidly over the last few years. Two million illegal immigrants have entered the United States since 2000 and there are a reported 10 million illegal immigrants living in the United States today. There are those who believe that illegals are a burden to the United States’ society. Many believe that illegal immigrants take necessary tax payers’ money. â€Å"Illegal immigration costs U.S. taxpayers about $113 billion a year at the federal, state and local level. The bulk of the costs — some $84 billion — are absorbed by state and local governments.†(Fiscal Burden). Legal US citizens are angered that people come to the United States and â€Å"leech off† of the economy without paying taxes. In opposition is the belief that illegal immigrants are not only beneficial to the United States, but necessary. â€Å"Contrary to most popular conceptions, most experts say illegals are probably not a net drain on the economy† (Nadadur). In fact, illegals do more good than otherwise known. As well, illegal immigrants continue to keep the economy running by working at a minimum wage and doing a majority of the work that otherwise would not want to be done. Immigrating illegally is a risk of a person’s life, but, at times, retreating to the United States is sometimes a last option In turn, if we did not have illegal immigrants working in the US, the United States might not be as accomplished as it is today.

The Characteristics of Adolescents Essay -- Papers Young Adults Teenag

The Characteristics of Adolescents Works Cited Not Included Adolescence, the period of life between childhood and maturity, may be regarded as one of the most crucial stages through which the human individual passes in his journey from conception to death. For many, it is seen as the key stage in development. Changes in physique and the maturation of the reproductive system bring with them associated changes in emotions and the whole pattern of psychological characteristics is restructured as the individual strives to attain a sense of identity. Development in intellectual functioning provides the adolescent with the ability to question himself, his family, his world, and his values (Garrod, Smulyan, Powers, and Kilkenny, 1992). Adolescents begin to develop principles- not necessarily those that adults would like to have them develop- but nevertheless principles of conduct. They are deeply influenced by "what is done" among their peers or among people slightly older than themselves, whom they respect. Adolescents tend to revolt against whatever code of morals may be in vogue in their corner of the world, and they can become completely obsessed by almost any moral problem. They are normally prejudiced and uncompromising in whatever attitude they adopt. This stage of growth is a difficult one for them and for everyone else, but perhaps it is necessary as a step from the unthinking acceptance of childhood to the independent thinking of an adult. During this period, the adolescent is an unreasonable creature. He does a good deal of hard thinking, accompanied by endless hours of talking with his peers, about his philosophy of life. Int... ...cult to engage in discussions about problems that affect them, and less likely to respond on a feeling level than young women. Being the mother of two children, aged twenty-one and nineteen years of age, I am aware of how a youth's characteristics would impact on our session. I have never had a problem dealing with adolescents, as I am consistently interacting with teenagers on a regular basis. Therefore, I am familiar with the problems that might be addressed during therapy; such as the fear of disclosure, inability to see problem behaviours, and their view that counselling is punitive. As a result, I would use various micro skills that I have acquired over numerous years to make sure the counselling environment was as comfortable for the adolescent as possible, therefore allowing them to discuss their problems.

Nature of Technical Communication Essay

Technical communication is a method of researching and creating information about technical processes or products directed to an audience through media. The information must be relevant to the intended audience. Technical communicators often work collaboratively to create products (deliverables) for various media, including paper, video, and the Internet. Deliverables include online help, user manuals, technical manuals, White papers, specifications, process and procedure manuals, industrial videos, reference cards, data sheets, journal articles, patents, training, business papers, and technical reports. Technical domains can be of any kind, including the soft and hard sciences, high technology including computers and software, consumer electronics, and business processes and practices. The origin of technical communication has been variously attributed to Ancient Greece, The Renaissance, and the mid 20th Century. However, a clear trend towards the professional field can be seen from the First World War on, growing out of the need for technology-based documentation in the military, manufacturing, electronic and aerospace industries. In the United States, two organizations concerned with improving the practice of technical communication were founded on the East Coast in 1953: the Society of Technical Writers, and the Association of Technical Writers and Editors. These organizations merged in 1957 to form the Society of Technical Writers and Editors, a predecessor of the current Society for Technical Communication (STC). In the United Kingdom, the Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators (ISTC) was formed in 1972 by the amalgamation of three existing associations: the Presentation of Technical Information Group (established in 1948), the Technical Publications Association (established in 1953, later the Institution of Technical Authors and Illustrators) and the Institute of Technical Publicity and Publications (established in 1963). Technical communication is sometimes considered a professional task for which organizations either hire specialized employees, or outsource their needs to communication firms. For example, a professional writer may work with a company to produce a user manual. Other times, technical communication is regarded as a responsibility that technical professionals employ on a daily basis as they work to convey technical information to coworkers and clients. For example, a computer scientist may need to provide software documentation to fellow programmers or clients.